Birth Orders Effect on Personality Essay - 522 Words

Birth Orders Effect on Personality Birth-order could be one way to gain an understanding of friends, family members and co-workers. Research has shown that the birth-order indeed has an effect on personality. Birth-order of course does not explain everything about human behavior, personality is also affected by many different factors such as heritage, the environment of the upbringing, family size, education etc. There are four basic classifications of birth-order: the oldest, the only, the middle and the youngest born. Each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The birth-order factor is not always exact, but it does give many clues about why people are the way they are (Leman, 1985). First-born children tend to†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt (president), Leonardo da Vinci (artist), Frank Sinatra (singer), Danielle Steel (novelist). Middle-born children are usually well balanced. They are good mediators and have superior cooperation skills. They don’t have their parents all to themselve s or get their own way. Therefore, they learn to negotiate and compromise. Middle-born children often make excellent managers and leaders because of these skills. Some characteristics of the middle-born child are: flexible, diplomatic, peacemaker, generous, social, competitive. Some famous middle-born children include Bea Arthur (actress), Bob Hope (comedian), Tom Selleck (actor), Mary Decker Slaney (runner), and Princess Diana (British royalty). Youngest children in the family are typically outgoing and great at motivating other people. They are also affectionate, uncomplicated and sometimes a little absent-minded. Studies show that â€Å"babies† of the family gravitate toward vocations that are people oriented. Good sales people are often last-borns. Some characteristics of youngest-born are: risktakers, outgoing, idea people, creative, humor, question authority. Famous last-borns include Ronald Reagan (president, actor), Eddy Murphy (actor), Mary Lou Retton (gymnast), Ted Kennedy (politician), Paul Newman (actor), Kevin Leman (psychologist). Birth-order is not a simplistic 1-2-3 system that says all first-born children are equally one way, all second-born children are another and youngest-bornShow MoreRelatedBirth Order Effect On Child Development1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Birth Order on a Child’s Development For decades, psychologists have argued the accuracy of the Birth Order Theory, the concept that the order in which children are born has lasting effects on their development. The Birth Order Theory was first introduced by a prominent psychologist named Alfred Alder who suggested that birth order has a lasting impression on one’s personality. The notion that birth order plays a role in one’s intellectual development dates back to 1874 when SirRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Birth Order on Learning and Development1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Birth Order on Learning and Development Birth order is a topic studied by many psychologists through numerous different studies and conflicting viewpoints. In respect to the order in which children are born, psychologists have labeled specific personality traits for each child. While psychologists continue to disagree on the amount of emphasis to be placed on birth order and personality, studies have shown family size can be a determining factor in a child’s learning and developmentRead MoreBirth Order and Personality2843 Words   |  12 PagesBirth Order’s Effect on Personality Birth Order’s Effect on Personality Environment determines to some extent the personality of a person. There are numerous factors in the environment which could determine variations in the personalities of different individuals. There are factors which are inherent to the environment and there are those determined by the manner by which individuals enter into a particular environment. In much the same way, how an infant’s entrance into the world determinesRead MoreWhat Does Birth Order Affect Personality Development?2296 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Personality development is a relatively new research area that many sociologist have devoted many studies to in trying to identify the different factors that influence an individual’s personality development. The topic of birth order is important when considering personality development. This paper attempts to show that birth order is indeed an influence in personality development. The research question that the paper seeks to answer is: â€Å"To What Extent does Birth Order affect Personality DevelopmentRead More How Sibling Relationship is affected by the Psychological and Emotional Effects of Birth Order?2052 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Birth Order Birth order is addressed as the arrangement of births of children in a family. The four most common positions used in the Birth Order Theory of Alfred Adler are: only child, first born, middle child and last born. Adler associated those birth order positions with different characteristics for each. He also explained that with every child that will be added to the family there will be an effect for each family member in terms of communication, tasks and duties. (CraigheadRead MoreRelevance Of Birth Order And Personality Learning Styles1954 Words   |  8 PagesMikayla Titus Sociology 312 Dr. Sabrina Danielson 14 December 2016 Relevance between Birth Order and Personality—Learning Styles Introduction The debate between whether there is a correlation between familial birth order and specific personality traits, such as intelligence, success, and social skills, has been discussed and argues since 1874, where Francis Galton started to first look at the subject. The birth order’s impact on the individual is a subject that still is questionable on whether it existRead MoreBirth Order Affects on Personality4163 Words   |  17 Pageson file for future use in plagiarism checks. | Signed: | Student No: 15241 | Topic: Does Birth Order affect on personality, choice of career, which has big influence to the workplace environment? Abstract Birth Order Affects on Personality has been a controversial topic for a long period of time. There are a large percentage of people who are aware of it but they can not fully identify the meaning. Birth Order refers to the position in the family that a child occupies at the time he or she is bornRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesConsequently, it’s important for you to have an understanding of how it should work, and the potential problems that may exist. We begin Part 1 of this book with an emphasis on providing you with an overview of the ever-changing world of work and the effect it is having on HRM. With that as a foundation, we then proceed to introduce you to HRM, its approach, the link to organizational strategy, and the different roles HR plays. In Part 2, we turn our attention to the laws that affect HRM activities.Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesincrease the production of pol lution control equipment. E) Government restricts unfair trade practices to promote international trade. Answer: D Page Ref: 84 Objective: 4 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Difficult 50) An unintended effect of business legislation is ________. A) restricting fair competition in the market B) encouraging unbridled business behavior C) reducing the social cost of producing a particular commodity D) exposing consumers to unfair trade practices E) slowing

The Death Penalty Is Inevitable - 1629 Words

Punishment is inevitable in a world that judges one’s every move. Common decisions turn into tendencies and tendencies turn into life choices that construed a life forever. For centuries people have faced execution for crimes which were considered to be horrendous. A system that has remained in our judicial system since the first execution in 1606 (deathpenalty.org). As of 2015 execution is only recognized as a form of correction in 31 states throughout the U.S. To ensure justice crimes are punished in a form or fashion equal to the severity of the crime committed. According to the US Federal Government list there are 41 capital offenses punishable by death. Included in this list are crimes such as first-degree murder, treason, and genocide. The death penalty is a largely debatably topic that is constantly criticized for its faults. Many argue that the death penalty violates an individual’s eighth amendment which prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. This is provided to every American under the United States Bill of Rights. The justice system provides many methods of deterrence in hopes of decreasing crime rates. One that is prevalent is the power of publicity. Research shows that in comparison to other deterrent methods, publicity has a significant Impact on future crime rates. A Study done by a man named Robert Dann questioned the effectiveness of deterrence using the media. For his sample heShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty Is The End Of Life906 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Webster’s Dictionary, death means the end of life (Dictionary, 80) and penalty means punishment for any crime or offense (Dictionary, 223). Therefore, by definition the death penalty means the end of a life due to punishment for a crime or offense. The death penalty is started with the Code of King Hammurabi’s in the eighteenth century B.C. This code consisted of 282 laws that stressed justice as clearly stated in the opening of the code, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a toothRead MoreAbolishing The Death Penalty Is Justified910 Words   |  4 PagesEliminating the Death Penalty According to the Webster’s Dictionary, death means the end of life (Dictionary, 80) and penalty means punishment for any crime or offense (Dictionary, 223). Therefore, by definition the death penalty means the end of a life due to punishment for a crime or offense. The death penalty is started with the Code of King Hammurabi’s in the eighteenth century B.C. This code consisted of 282 laws that stressed justice as clearly stated in the opening of the code, An eye forRead MoreAnother Fact Is That The Death Penalty Is Not A Deterrent.Reports908 Words   |  4 PagesAnother fact is that the death penalty is not a deterrent. Reports have shown in 2008, the 14 states that did not have active capital punishment had surprisingly low homicide rates. They were actually at or below the national homicide rate. So, there is no documentation or proof that having capital punishment deters criminal acts of violence. In fact, in 2009, a survey showed that over 88% believed that t he death penalty was not a deterrent for heinous criminal acts. Thomas Sowell, a columnistRead MoreThe Death Penalty As A Form Of Punishment1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Death Penalty Elizabeth del Rio San Jose State University Abstract This paper will propose all the arguments for and against the use of the death penalty as a form of punishment. The death penalty, also known as Capital Punishment, is a punishmentRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Death Penalty931 Words   |  4 PagesArgument Essay: Death Penalty The American Justice System has been using the death penalty, also known as capital punishment, as a way to serve a prisoners sentence usually due to the crime of murder. The death penalty in the American Justice System has been used for many years now. Although in 18 states the death penalty has already been abolished, there are still 32 states where it is still legal. The death penalty should not be legal in the American Justice System, because it is immoral, unjustRead MoreEssay about What Effects the Death Penalty Causes to Society?582 Words   |  3 PagesWhat effects Death Punishment causes to society? My first instinct about the topic as a part of the society was â€Å"People, who private another person of his life, should not have any right to conserve his own life either†. Putting ourselves in the positions of the victims, the families’ victims and the fear caused to` society in general. Death punishment, gives closure to the people involved with the tragedy. It helps to the overpopulation problem in the prison system, instead keeping an internRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings905 Words   |  4 PagesMany that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be so eager to deal out death in judgment. - Gandalf, in the Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, by J.R.R. Tolkien. Many people question whether the death penalty is right or wrong. Issues regarding the possibility of putting an innocent person to death based on faulty investigative work and a flawed legal system are often explored. References to the concept of lex talionis are made, wonderingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Applied975 Words   |  4 PagesCourt ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, removing over 600 prisoners from death row. The justices described the application of the death penalty as arbitrarily, random, and discriminatory. Justice Potter Stewart remarked that the death penalty like being â€Å"struck by lightning† and that â€Å"if society s ultimate punishment cannot be applied fairly, it should not be applied at all†  ¹. Of the 22,000 homicides committed every year, less than 100 people are sentenced to death, and politics, theRead MoreAbolition of The Death Penalty Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Abolishment of the Death Penalty As Americans we live in a modern republic under a government constructed to secure the rights of the people. Today’s government and judicial systems were forged by our founding fathers as they fought to establish a government free from tyranny and brutality and thereby forming a constitution based on civil liberties. Our country has grown and matured through the centuries and in effect has made changes and alterations as innovations and advancements have deemed

Personal Statement Becoming A Doctor - 999 Words

As a typical first born child, I have parents who expected me to be a doctor one day. When we talked about colleges, they were always medical schools. When I asked my father what jobs to look into, he suggested pharmacist or surgeon. I never expected to become an engineer until my first week of junior year when I took my first calculus and physics classes. My teachers heralded engineering as the top profession of the day, and all my friends were planning on making them proud with their future careers as civil or mechanical engineers. When I told them my plans of becoming a physical therapist, they scoffed at me. Both my physics and calculus teachers told me, â€Å"You are wasting your potential if that is your goal in life!† Although I knew they were exaggerating, their passion on the subject is what originally drove me to look into engineering. However, I was still passionate about helping people with health issues. I wanted to save lives in my career, and I was not sure if e ngineering would be a direct enough impact for me to find happiness in it. That was when I decided to search â€Å"medical engineering† on YouTube, and I was not disappointed. I found a video about Michelle Khine, who became my engineering hero. Michelle Khine quickly revealed herself to be everything I want to be. The video highlighted her life, showing off her three jobs as professor at a university, leader of a research lab, and co-founder of a nano technologies company called Fluxion Bioscience Inc.. She isShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection Statement800 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Reflection Statement The medical field attracts a wide variety of individuals from all walks of life. The reasons for their shared choice, to pursue a career as a practitioner of medicine, are similarly different. Several of my classmates and friends can point to specific events that helped them make their choice, moments of inspiration when they consciously decided to become physicians. I had no such epiphany, but my choice to study at DMU was influenced by two main factors. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Doctor, Starring William Hurt And Elizabeth Perkins1368 Words   |  6 Pagespatients are faced with what the New York Times (2005) calls the â€Å"bane of the medical profession: the difficult doctor.† These physicians patronize their patients and speak to them condescendingly during their time of tribulation, and it has deep and intense repercussions for them. Not only is this incredibly unprofessional but it is not something a patient wants to hear when disclosing personal, intimate details o f their life. Patient care and consideration does not stop when the surgery or procedureRead MoreEssay about Forms of Healing in Ancient Times1518 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships between doctors and patients have evolved, along with the way medicine is defined and practiced. Specifically I would like to focus on forms of payment and their effect on the doctor-patient relationship and how payment and the practice of medicine have changed over time. These changes led to a healer-patient relationship that was not as personal as it was in the time of Galen. Instead of the healer playing the role of a friend helping his neighbor, we find that being a doctor became a formRead MoreHospice And Palliative Care Organization1541 Words   |  7 PagesEnd of life care is something that is becoming extremely prevalent today. This end of life care is referred to as Hospice. Here, patients who are terminally ill may be placed in Hospice care, where they will be under constant supervision and will be cared for. However, although Hospice is an ongoing process that exists everyday, there are few people who really know exactly what Hospice is and what it consists of. Upon further reading, it is hopeful that one will get a better sense of understandingRead MoreMy Plans And Aspirations For Completing A Graduate Education923 Words   |  4 PagesIn this personal statement I will address my plans and aspirations for completing a graduate education. I believe that an adequate college education is a necessity in today’s society. There are numerous resources and opportunities available to those who choose to seek a college education. I am committed to continuing my education to achieve my career goal of becoming a family nurse practitioner. Several members of my family are in the healthcare field, as both doctors and nurses. I have had the privilegeRead MoreMalpractice or Poor Judgement? Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages(COPRA) in April 1993, the number of malpractice suits filed against doctors has begun to soar. For example, in Kerala, approximately 1800 cases (15% of the total number of cases) have been filed. As Dr. Dipak Banerjee of the Indian Medical Association puts it: Its degenerating into a kind of witch-hunt. For years the community of doctors across India was immune to charges of malpractice, but the tide has begun to turn. Doctors are now having to dish out larger sums of money in order to insureRead MoreHave Uk Prime Ministers Become More Presidential in Recent Years?1019 Words   |  5 Pagesthe UK’s Prime Minister is still a Prime Minister. In recent years there has been an increase in the growth of spatial leadership. The tendency of Prime Ministers to distance themselves from their party and government has increased, developing a personal ideological stance. Prime Ministers such as Blair and Thatcher are key examples. Both Prime Ministers have developed their own stances: ‘Blairism’ and ‘Thatcherism’. Blair, for example, had really bad attendance at Parliament and his Cabinet MinistersRead MoreWhat I Learned At My Senior Year I1018 Words   |  5 Pagesalmost out of residency and medical school, I started learning about medicine through their experiences. How they combined their own unique interests with their desire to serve. I knew that although interesting, becoming a doctor is a long and hard road. One that requires serious personal investigation and hardened commitment. I started investigating healthcare while I dealt with the reality of living paycheck to paycheck. I found a compromise with a competitive internship as a medicinal chemistRead MoreStephen Jay Gould s Life761 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"You have eight months to live† that statement may elicit fear into a normal patient sitting in their doctors’ office. Or perhaps it becomes a death sentence for that particular person. Yet, for Stephen Jay Gould it became a motivator. Stephen Jay Gould, a Paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science, was diagnosed with abdominal mesothelioma in 1982. When he was told his life expectancy was eight months he did what most would not; he looked at the statistics. Gould was not anRead MoreA Personal Statement On Medical Advancement Of A Double Edged Sword939 Words   |  4 Pages UCLA Personal Statement â€Å"To Live On†, a 2005 art installation composed of roses and infusion bags by Min Jeong Seo, elegantly captures the idea of medical advancement of a double edged sword. Seo’s art piece involves fifty long stemmed roses, eerily suspended with the blooms perfectly preserved in infusion bags, while the stems hang freely, drying and decaying at their own pace. It’s an apt visual metaphor that showcases the good and bad consequences of constant medical research and development

The Trombone History - 2105 Words

The Trombone The trombone in itself has been around for over 600 years. Trombones were introduced to the orchestra in the 18th century. Trombones were found in churches during this time because they were known for their vocal support. This tradition of using trombones in a church setting continued well into the mid-19th century. Fanny Mendelsson-Hensel’s Oratorio is an example of the trombone use, used in the early years of the trombone. During the mid-19th century, bell-size became wider as a larger, louder sound was introduced for the performance in bands. This was also used to generate louder volume in the orchestra. By the mid-19th century the role of the trombone in band and classical music was in place. It was not until the†¦show more content†¦This style of jazz was important because it was unlike any other jazz, this jazz was not for dancers, as the others had been, this jazz was for listeners. The typical size of a jazz group was small which allowed the jazz music ians to improvise more. The first bebop trombonist was Bennie Green. Bennie got his start in the swing era big bands such as the Earl Hines Orchestra. Green’s soloing kept the swing style phrasing, but he added in the bebop harmonic rhythm. However, the most important figure in modern jazz trombone was J.J. Johnson. Johnson also got his start by playing in swing band, such as the Count Basie Orchestra. Johnson completely avoided the glissandi and growls which was common for Dixieland and swing styles. Johnson also played with little or no vibrato. He was known for having amazing technical command of his trombone. Frank Rosolino was another amazing bebop trombonist. Rosolin’s best known job as a sideman was as the featured trombonist with the Stan Kenton Orchestra. Other trombonists of this era who made contributions to bebop are Kai Winding, which was very similar to Johnson, so similar that they co-led trombone combos together knows as â€Å"Jay and Kai.† Al Grey also is a notable trombonist along with Willie Dennis. During the 1950s many musicians began reacting to bebop and experimenting with it and trying to put their own twist to it. These jazz players were taking a cue from 1949 Miles Davis recording â€Å"Birth of the Cool,†Show MoreRelatedRichard B. Klaus : A Listening Guide1617 Words   |  7 PagesIn his concerto for trombone and orchestra, Concertino in Eb Major, Ferdinand David composed a concerto that would forever change the world of trombone. Since its original composition in 1837, the Concertino has become a standard piece of trombone repertoire. While it is believed that there have been changes since the original score was written, it still remains to be a staple in the education of trombone players. Recent Scholarship Kenneth B. Klaus wrote a book which studies the Romantic PeriodRead MoreDavenport Blues Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesGabrielle Bacarella Professor James History of Jazz Davenport Blues Meter: 4/4 Introduction (4 bars) 0:00 Band (2 bars) → Cornet Solo (1 bar) → Clarinet Solo (1 bar) **Solo break at Bar 3** Verse (16 bars) 0:06 Band (8 bars) 0:18 Band (8 bars) Chorus 1 (32 bars) 0:31 A Cornet Solo (8 bars) 0:43 B Cornet Solo (8 bars) **Solo break at Bar 7** 0:55 A Cornet Solo (8 bars) 1:08 C Cornet Solo (8 bars) **Solo breaks at Bars 1 and 3 (stop time)** Read MoreIn The Middle Of The 19Th Century, Congo Square Became1369 Words   |  6 Pagesanticipated the future of their developing art form. None could have foreseen that their informal rhythmic gatherings would eventually lead to nationally recognized big bands with more than 20 musicians and celebrity band leaders. The trajectory of jazz history is complex and rich, flowing from style to style and from region to region. Each step along the way from the early brass bands to the bebop bands emerging in the 1940’s redefined what â€Å"jazz† could be. As the jazz style changed and evolved in theRead MoreThe Cornetto Is Wind Instrument Made Out Of Wood1711 Words   |  7 Pages The various sizes of trumpets and trombones made a pretty sound, but because the treble trombone had a tiny voice, trumpet and trombone choirs let cornetti play with them. As time passed, the cornetto evolved, instruments of different sizes and forms being now available. The construction and unique structure of the cornetto makes it a difficult instrument to master. The ending of the sixteenth century was the time when the cornetto shined the most in history, achieving its golden age in in ItalyRead MoreRudeness in Art1251 Words   |  6 PagesJazz, however, does not have the same setup and style that concert band has. Jazz uses a small range of instruments, from trombones to saxophones. There are four trumpets, four trombones, and six saxes. Also, there is a rhythm section consisting of a pianist and a bass player. The trumpets are almost always positioned in the rear of the band standing up, followed by trombones in chairs, with saxophones in the front. With its smaller size and its setup, it creates a friendlier atmosphere, and listenersRead MoreEssay about Latin jazz orchestra935 Words   |  4 Pagesthe stage was the saxophone players and to the right the trombone players. In the rear were the trumpet players with the musician on bass in front of them as well as the drummer. I believe this setup allowed for their superb sound. Over all our seats were incredible and made the performance much more enjoyable. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between songs the pianist and director Arturo O’ Farril would give a short introduction and history behind the songs. He used mild comedy which added a nice amountRead MoreJack Teagarden, Louis Armstrong, Troy Andrews545 Words   |  2 Pagesmusician. He is known around the world as â€Å"Trombone Shorty†. He has performed many concerts, mainly in New Orleans (â€Å"Trombone Shorty† 12). He is one of the most talented jazz musicians in the world. He also plays the trumpet. He is actually very good at trumpet. He is as good at trombone as he is as trumpet. Troy Andrews is one of the brightest young stars in the New Orleans music scene (â€Å"Trombone Shorty† 12). He was in a band called the Nighthawks (â€Å"Trombone Shorty† 12). Nighthawks used to performRead MoreThe Music Of The Harlem Renaissance855 Words   |  4 Pagesamong one of the most interesting genres. It has encompassed all cultures since it arose in the late 18th century. Cool jazz, hot jazz, gypsy jazz, and many other sub-genres of Jazz have emerged throughout the years; however, it is seen through history that many of those sub-genres emerged during the Harlem Renaissance. This was a time period in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Harlem, a neighborhood within the northern section of New York that celebrated black intellect, black voice, and blackRead More Jazz Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic characterized by a rhythmic feel or influenced by the blues. Throughout the history of jazz, there have been people of other races and ethnicities involved in its creation. Jazz might be the best documented art in the history of the world. There are not one or two specific instruments that characterize jazz. Almost all instruments have been used by jazz musicians at some time. The saxophone, trumpet, trombone, bass, drums, piano, and guitar are the most popular instruments still being usedRead MoreDid Jazz Start A New Orleans Or Chicago?1451 Words   |  6 Pageshis violin in Chicago in 1910 and Wilbur Sweatman was in Chicago playing clarinet in 1906. From a musical position, there is less of an argument because the characteristics are different. Starting with New Orleans style has a strong marching band history and the instrumentation is more mobile with banjo, brass instruments, and woodwinds, marching percussions like bass drum player or a snare player. The emphasis in New Orleans Dixieland also referred to as classic jazz or â€Å"old south† depending on

Not an Egselent day for eggs. Free Essays

Last night at approximately 3am, the police alongside animal welfare organisations raided ‘Egg-sellent Eggs Limited’ in the east of Sussex after a four month investigation of the cruelty and welfare of animals. Nicholas Thrushball, aged 44, founder and director of the company was arrested under the ‘animal welfare act 2006’ in which it cogently enforces that animals should live in a suitable and humane environment. Owner of this nationally known company was allegedly beating, hitting and mistreating the chickens in his welfare as well as storing them in shocking, suffocating conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Not an Egselent day for eggs. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The four month investigation consisted of hiding and monitoring cameras placed around the site as well as taking hygienic tests within and around the premises. The cameras revealed disturbing videos of the hens being electrocuted resulting in to the bone melting to form the shell of eggs. Also it was recorded that the hens were laying five eggs per week, thats 300 per year. A hen living in the wild is expected to lay 20 in a year and 240 in their life time of an approximate 12 years. Miss S. Ellis, Director of the ‘Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ stated after the raid â€Å"Its horrific think that the most reputable egg company in the Midlands treats its hens in a way that literally make me feel sick!† Miss Ellis later told the Guardian that Mr Thrushball made an annual turnover of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½70,000 in 2009 as a result of storing 30 hens in 1 square metre of their premises compared to the recommended 10! Sainsbury’s manager Chloe Simons, a Christian mother of two said, ‘I’m disgusted to know my supermarket sells ‘Egg-sellent Eggs’ Ltd. There are many Christian consumers out there and they too shall be appalled about the news they have heard. In the Bible it clearly states that all animals need to be kept in humane conditions, clearly this is the opposite!† Single mum of two said â€Å"I have been eating ‘Egg-sellent Eggs’ eggs since a very young age and I feel really disappointed and cheated on after knowing the conditions the hens had been living in. I shall not be buying my eggs from this company and shall be looking into buying free range and organic produce where I know the animal has suffered little pain.† Organic produce and free range eggs are becoming increasingly popular in England and without a doubt, the world. Organic produce from animals as well as plants are ones of which no pesticides, antibiotics or hormones have been added to it. Free range eggs enable the hens and birds to roam around within the premises unlike the thronged factory farmed premises. How to cite Not an Egselent day for eggs., Papers

Beowulf and the Realities of Human Nature free essay sample

It is natural for humans to assign meaning to what is unknown, either to rationalize the situation for themselves, or to prevent themselves from looking stupid. Throughout both texts, humans have attacked things they do not understand. Ignorance is a major theme in Grendel, and is also what causes the major conflict. When they first happen upon him, Grendel’s mangled body causes confusion within the group of townspeople, and they cannot determine what exactly he is. They decided that he is a tree spirit, and that he is most likely hungry, so they attempt to feed him a pig. When Grendel squeals with joy because of this, the townspeople become frightened and assume Grendel, the â€Å"tree spirit†, is angry. Rather than retreating or attempting to be civil, the townspeople attack Grendel. This event is what initially causes Grendel’s hatred towards the human race, which could have been avoided had the townspeople not been so quick to condemn. We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf and the Realities of Human Nature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A similar conflict occurs in Beowulf; rather than attempting to reason with Grendel, Beowulf and his men set a trap for Grendel, intending to trap him just like wild game. If, perhaps, Beowulf had just thought about compromising with Grendel, maybe Beowulf might have had a more peaceful ending. Although it may not be accurate to assume that compromising with Grendel would have brought absolute peace to the Danes, it would have at least eliminated two of the three monsters that Beowulf had to battle. But naturally, Grendel’s death brings more troubles for the Danes. The Danes think that killing Grendel will solve all of their problems, but between Grendel’s mother and the dragon, they are far from correct. The Danes’ assumption that solving their problems would be that easy is ignorant, because they think that Grendel is the only problem they face, when in reality more problems come to take its place. Both Beowulf and Grendel prove that ignorance is a reality of human nature, and that it can also be deadly. One last major blight of human nature is pride. Pride can be a tricky thing, often times making people overestimate their abilities. This is precisely what happens to Beowulf, almost constantly. When he first comes to Hrothgar, he tells tales of his conquests and battles, slipping in praises to himself here and there. He is confident in himself in regards to Grendel, stating that â€Å"alone now with Grendel,/ [he would] manage the matter,† (Hall VII lines 52-53. ) Having never seen Grendel or what he is capable of, it is safe to say that Beowulf is overconfident in himself and his abilities. Beowulf goes on to fatally wound Grendel, but runs into another problem with Grendel’s mother. Still taking pride in his latest and greatest conquest, Beowulf volunteers to slay Grendel’s mother, this time alone. Even though he did defeat Grendel, it is not safe for Beowulf to assume that he can defeat Grendel’s mother. He truly does not have the slightest idea what he is up against, and he sees this when he calls upon her. â€Å"The sword would not bite, her life would not injure,† (Hall XXIII line 49); Beowulf finds that he cannot use his weapons to fight her, but luckily finds an enchanted sword made by giants and is able to use it against her. Although Beowulf survived, it is his pride that almost got him killed again, because he thought he was fully prepared and able to easily slay Grendel’s mother. The last major example of pride occurs at the end of the story, when Beowulf decides to fight the dragon. Rather than gathering and presiding over an army, Beowulf brings a group of men to the dragon’s barrow, leading the pack himself. Many years have passed since Beowulf’s last battle, and while he still is in relatively good physical condition, he is not what he used to be. â€Å"The ring prince disdained to seek with a war band,â€Å" (Hall XXXIII line 34), but eventually he decides to bring along an army for reinforcement. Beowulf is later abandoned by his army, which in turn ultimately leads to his demise. However, had Beowulf turned back when the others did, he could have kept his life. But Beowulf’s pride told him to keep going, and led him straight to his death. Beowulf displays pride as a reality of human nature, one that is inevitable when concerning Beowulf, and also deadly. Both Beowulf and Grendel portray humans in a rather negative way. However, as negative as they may be, selfishness, ignorance, and pride are all realities of human nature. They are mostly irreparable, as people are naturally hardwired to behave this way, and also unavoidable, because society does not follow the same code of conduct.

The Position of Chinese Women Throughout History free essay sample

A paper which discusses that despite the severe limits placed on Chinese women throughout their history, they still managed to demonstrate tenacity and courage and the power of decision within these restrictions. The paper discusses how women throughout Chinese history have experienced the oppression their tradition and culture exert as well as the power only members of their sex can attain in their chosen domains. It shows that although readers have been exposed to historical anecdotes relating foot binding and Mans superiority to women, there are also many stories relating their freedom and tenacity, whether they are wives, concubines, courtesans or prostitutes. The paper discusses how the history of Chinese women is not necessarily limited to persecution and being dominated, it is also peppered with inspirational stories of women who have been able to find happiness, success and fulfillment within the parameters Chinese tradition and culture dictate. The girl split from her first family with the understanding that she was never going back to them nor even allowed to communicate with them unless she had the permission of the man. We will write a custom essay sample on The Position of Chinese Women Throughout History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the surface the procedure is very much like a father marrying off his daughter, making the same arrangements as if it was a legal marriage. However there were a few things that distinguished the wifes status over that of the concubine. Legally, a Chinese man can only have one wife but could possess innumerable concubines. So the status of wife was more special than that of the concubines. Wives were also allocated property upon their marriage while concubines were not. Concubines did not have dowries and their first family did not receive any presents from the man upon losing their daughter.

Uncle Vanya monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay Example For Students

Uncle Vanya monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov Essay A monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Moscow Arts Theatre Series of Plays. Ed. Oliver M. Sayler. New York: Brentanos, 1922. VOINITSKY: The Professor as usual sits in his library from morning till night We will write a custom essay on Uncle Vanya monologue from the play by Anton Chekhov specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Straining our mind, wrinkling our brow, We write, write, write, With no respite Or hope of praise in the future or now. Unfortunate paper! He ought to write his autobiography; he would make a really excellent subject for a book! Just consider, the life of a retired professor, as stale as a piece of old bread, racked with gout, headaches and rheumatism, his liver bursting with jealousy and envy, living on the estate of his first wife, although he hates it, because he can\t afford to live in town. He is everlastingly whining about his hard fate, although, as a matter of fact, he is unusually lucky. He is the son of a common deacon and has achieved the professor\s chair, has become the son-in-law of a senator, is called your Excellency, but never mind! I\ll tell you something; he has been writing about art for twenty-five years, and he doesn\t know the very first thing about it. For twenty-five years he has been hashing over the thoughts of other men on realism, naturalism, and all such nonsense; for twenty-five years he has been reading and writing things long known to clever men and uninteresting to s tupid ones; for twenty-five years he has been pouring water from one empty tumbler into another. Yet consider the man\s conceit and pretensions! He has been pensioned off. No living soul has ever heard of him. He is totally unknown. That means for twenty-five years he has been sailing under false colors. But look at him! He stalks across the earth like a demi-god! I admit, I am envious of him. Look at the success he has had with women! Don Juan himself was not more lucky. His first wife, my sister, was beautiful, gentle, as pure as the blue heaven above, noble, great-hearted, with more admirers than he has pupils, and she loved him as only creatures of angelic purity can love those who are as pure and beautiful as they are themselves. His mother-in-law, my mother, adores him to this day, and he still inspires her with a kind of worshipped awe. His second wife is, as you see, a great beauty; she married him in his old age and surrendered to him all the glory of her beauty and freedom . What for? Such loyalty is false and unnatural, root and branch. It sounds very well, but there is no logic to it. It is immoral for a woman to deceive an old husband whom she hates. But for her to stifle her pathetic youth and intense longings within herthat is not immoral?!

Google Ethical Code Social Responsibility free essay sample

Google is one of the largest companies in the world. They offer a variety of services that millions around the world use daily. A majority of their services are Internet based which include Google Search, Google Maps, Gmail, and cloud storage, Drive. Most of their services are available for free use. One of their main sources of revenue is through advertisements. Companies pay to have their ad displayed atop searches and in mobile aps. They also have a growing Internet and TV service, Google Fiber, which they are rolling out to select cities. They have begun offering Google fiber here in Provo and have created hundreds of jobs locally. It has always been my dream to, some day, be fortunate enough to work for Google. I am very intrigued by the working atmosphere and the focus they company places on innovation and technology. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Google does a fantastic job of adhering to their CSR and constantly adding value to the triple bottom line: people, planet, and profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Google: Ethical Code Social Responsibility or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have multiple websites that detail their philanthropic efforts and state what they believe in. These can be found on their informational website, google. org. One area of CSR in which they are very concerned about is being â€Å"Green. † They have an entire website (google. com/green) dedicated to detailing and informing the world about their efforts to protect the environment. The website teaches that they are constantly investing in alternative energy, i. e. , wind and solar. In comparison to other tech companies, their centers are said to use 50% less energy than the competition. They have also committed to recycle 100% of all electronic equipment that is no longer used in their offices. Sustaining the environment is a major concern to Google management and they spend millions of dollars annually to make sure they are at the forefront of innovation (www.google. com/green/energy/). Google is one of the most profitable companies in the entire world. Because of that, they have taken the opportunity to benefit the world through multiple philanthropic efforts. They donate hundreds of millions of dollars annually in charitable giving. Their website, google. com/giving, highlights various areas in which they are concerned about and are donating money to. These include: empowering women and girls, improving computer science education, protecting threatened wildlife, fighting human trafficking and abuse, and providing clean water to third world countries. Each year, Google donates $100 million in grants, 60,000 man-hours, and over $1 billion in products. They encourage their employees to volunteer in their communities and have committed to match all charitable donations that employees give (google. com/giving/community/). Stakeholders Because of the size of Google, they inherently have various stakeholders. In particular, they have always taken care of and satisfied the demands of their users, investors, and employees. Users Google has over 1 billion active users. As a company, they continually innovate and bring products to the market which are aimed at making our lives more efficient, simple, and enjoyable. The companies â€Å"Code of Conduct† reads, â€Å"Our users value Google not only because we deliver great products and services, but because we hold ourselves to a higher standard in how we treat users and operate more generally† (http://investor. google. com/corporate/code-of-conduct. html). Their email platform (Gmail), web platform (Chrome), mobile operating system (Android), and cloud storage service (Drive) are some of the most used in the entire world. Google understands this and continues to innovate and improve in order to keep their services up to date and safe for its users. They are committed to offering the best possible products at a reasonable price. Recently they began to produce and sell cell phones, tablets, and laptops which all run their software and are significantly cheaper they the competition. Because of their dedication to their users, they are ranked as the top company in the â€Å"American Customer Satisfaction Index† across all platforms (http://www.theacsi. org/index). This rating speaks volumes for Google and the interest they place in their primary stakeholders, their users. Investors Google stock is currently trading at over $1,100 per share (https://www. google. com/finance? q=NASDAQ:GOOG). Year after year they continue to grow and report record earnings. Over the last 5 years their stock price has risen from $750 to over $1,100. Forbes has ranked them as the 5th most valuable company in the world w ith a valuation currently at $268 billion (http://www. forbes.com/companies/google/). Many people in the finance industry consider Google to be one of the safest and smartest places to invest ones money. They are very committed to their investors and continue to grow both organically and financially. Unlike previous â€Å"tech† companies who have plateaued and eventually lost the faith of its investors, Google’s commitment to innovate and grow as a company is backed fully by the support of its investors. The management knows that growth is only possible by taking risks and spending money to innovate. On the other hand, they regard the financial position their investors very high and are committed to making sure that all risk is minimized to its lowest possible state. Google takes very good care of its investors and, for that reason, their investors are very happy. Employees Fortune magazine recently released their annual rankings of the â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work For. † Google remained at the top, receiving the #1 overall ranking (http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/best-companies/). They remained the topped ranked company while also adding over 4,200 new jobs last year; an overall job growth of over 20%. They have over 4,200 employees and it is a major focus with the company to make sure they are treated in the best way possible. Google is committed to providing unbeatable work conditions and benefits. Not only are they at the forefront in technology innovation, but also work environment innovation. Their offices provide every service and accommodation imaginable in order to create an environment where their employees are happy, enjoy work, and are more productive. Google’s commitment to their employees has set an industry standard in which many competing companies are trying to imitate. At the core of how Google treats its employees is how they view them, not as being replaceable but as their strongest asset. Ethics Programs Google bases it entire ethical philosophy upon a simple phrase, â€Å"Don’t be evil. † Those words are not only applied to how â€Å"Googlers† (Google employees) treat their users, but also how they conduct business on every level. Through the companies â€Å"Code of Conduct,† they admonish their employees to â€Å"do the right thing more generally- follow the law, act honorable and treat each other with respect† (Google Code of Conduct). â€Å"Its built around the recognition that everything we do in connection with our work at Google will be, and should be, measured against the highest possible standards of ethical business conduct† (investor. google. com). This commitment to extremely high standards and ethical conduct helps them â€Å"hire great people, build great products, and attract loyal users. † The Google â€Å"Code of Conduct† is found on their website for the entire world to see (http://investor. google. com/corporate/code-of-conduct. html). It is broken down into eight sections, which are labeled: Serve Others, Respect Each Other, Avoid Conflicts of Interest, Preserve Confidentiality, Protect Google’s Assets, Ensure Financial Integrity and Responsibility, and Obey the Law. It is twelve-page document, which, very clearly and simply, describes the company’s values and core principles. The sections and content continually refer back to Google’s ethical slogan, â€Å"Don’t be evil. † It teaches employees how to treat and act in many situations and is the bases upon which punishment is given. Communication

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was founded in 1890. Preceded by: National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) Succeeded by: League of Women Voters (1920) Key Figures Founding figures: Lucy Stone, Alice Stone Blackwell, Susan B. Anthony, Harriot Stanton Blatch, Rachel Foster, Elizabeth Cady StantonOther leaders: Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Frances Willard, Mary Church Terrell, Jeannette Rankin, Lillie Devereux Blake, Laura Clay, Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge, Ida Husted Harper, Maud Wood Park, Alice Paul, Lucy Burns Key Characteristics Used both state-by-state organizing and push for a federal constitutional amendment, organized large suffrage parades, published many organizing and other brochures, pamphlets, and books, met annually in convention; less militant than the Congressional Union / National Womans Party Publication: The Womans Journal (which had been the publication of the AWSA) remained in publication until 1917; followed by the Woman Citizen About the National American Woman Suffrage Association In 1869, the woman suffrage movement in the United States had split into two main rival organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). By the mid-1880s, it was apparent that the leadership of the movement involved in the split was aging. Neither side had succeeded in convincing either many states or the federal government to adopt womens suffrage. The Anthony Amendment extending the vote to women through constitutional amendment had been introduced into Congress in 1878; in 1887, the Senate took its first vote on the amendment and soundly defeated it. The Senate would not vote again on the amendment for another 25 years. Also in 1887, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Susan B. Anthony and others published a 3-volume History of Woman Suffrage, documenting that history mostly from the viewpoint of the AWSA but also including history from the NWSA. At the October 1887 convention of the AWSA, Lucy Stone proposed that the two organizations explore a merger. A group met in December, including women from both organizations: Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Stone Blackwell (Lucy Stones daughter) and Rachel Foster. The next year, the NWSA organized a 40th-anniversary celebration of the Seneca Falls Womans Rights Convention and invited the AWSA to take part. Successful Merger The merger negotiations were successful, and in February 1890, the merged organization named the National American Woman Suffrage Association, held its first convention, in Washington, DC. Elected as the first president was Elizabeth Cady Stanton and as vice president Susan B. Anthony. Lucy Stone was elected as the chairman [sic] of the Executive Committee. Stantons election as president was largely symbolic, as she traveled to England to spend two years there right after being elected. Anthony served as de facto head of the organization. Gage's Alternative Organization Not all suffrage supporters joined the merger. Matilda Joslyn Gage founded the Womens National Liberal Union in 1890, as an organization that would work for womens rights beyond just the vote. She was president until she died in 1898. She edited the publication The Liberal Thinker between 1890 and 1898. NAWSA 1890 to 1912 Susan B. Anthony succeeded Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president in 1892, and Lucy Stone died in 1893. Between 1893 and 1896, womens suffrage became law in the new state of Wyoming (which had, in 1869, included it in its territorial law). Colorado, Utah, and Idaho amended their state constitutions to include womens suffrage. The publication of The Womans Bible by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Matilda Joslyn Gage and 24 others in 1895 and 1898 led to a NAWSA decision to explicitly disavow any connection with that work. The NAWSA wanted to focus on womens vote, and the younger leadership thought criticism of religion would threaten their possibilities for success. Stanton was never invited to the stage at another NAWSA convention. Stantons position in the suffrage movement as a symbolic leader suffered from that point, and Anthonys role was stressed more after that. From 1896 to 1910, the NAWSA organized about 500 campaigns to get woman suffrage on state ballots as referenda. In the few cases where the issue actually got on to the ballot, it failed. In 1900, Carrie Chapman Catt succeeded Anthony as president of the NAWSA. In 1902, Stanton died, and in 1904, Catt was succeeded as president by Anna Howard Shaw. In 1906, Susan B. Anthony died, and the first generation of leadership was gone. From 1900 to 1904, the NAWSA focused on a Society Plan to recruit members who were well-educated and had political influence. In 1910, the NAWSA began to try to appeal more to women beyond the educated classes and moved to more public action. That same year, Washington State established statewide woman suffrage, followed in 1911 by California and in 1912 in Michigan, Kansas, Oregon, and Arizona. In 1912, the Bull Moose / Progressive Party platform supported woman suffrage. Also at about that time, many of the Southern suffragists began to work against the strategy of a federal amendment, fearing it would interfere with Southern limits on voting rights directed at African Americans. NAWSA and the Congressional Union In 1913, Lucy Burns and Alice Paul organized the Congressional Committee as an auxiliary within the NAWSA. Having seen more militant actions in England, Paul and Burns wanted to organize something more dramatic. The Congressional Committee within NAWSA organized a large suffrage parade in Washington, DC, held the day before Woodrow Wilsons inauguration. Five to eight thousand marched in the parade, with half a million onlookers―including many opponents who insulted, spit on and even attacked the marchers. Two hundred marchers were injured, and Army troops were called in when police would not stop the violence. Although black suffrage supporters were told to march at the back of the march, so as not to threaten support for woman suffrage among white Southern legislators, some of the black supporters including Mary Church Terrell circumvented that and joined the main march. Alice Pauls committee promoted actively the Anthony Amendment, re-introduced into Congress in April of 1913. Another large march was held in May of 1913 in New York. This time, about 10,000 marched, with men making up about 5 percent of the participants. Estimates range from 150,000 to half a million onlookers. More demonstrations, including an automobile procession, followed, and a speaking tour with Emmeline Pankhurst. By December, the more conservative national leadership had decided that the Congressional Committees actions were unacceptable. The December national convention expelled the Congressional Committee, which went on to form the Congressional Union and later became the National Womans Party. Carrie Chapman Catt had led the move to expel the Congressional Committee and its members; she was elected president again in 1915. The NAWSA in 1915 adopted its strategy, in contrast to the continued militancy of the Congressional Union: the Winning Plan. This strategy, proposed by Catt and adopted at the organizations Atlantic City convention, would use the states that had already given women the vote to push for a federal amendment. Thirty state legislatures petitioned Congress for womens suffrage. At the time of World War I, many women, including Carrie Chapman Catt, became involved in the Womans Peace Party, opposing that war. Others within the movement, including within NAWSA, supported the war effort or switched from peace work to war support when the United States entered the war. They worried that pacifism and war opposition would work against the suffrage movements momentum. Victory In 1918, the US House of Representatives passed the Anthony Amendment, but the Senate turned it down. With both wings of the suffrage movement continuing their pressure, President Woodrow Wilson was finally persuaded to support suffrage. In May of 1919, the House passed it again, and in June the Senate approved it. Then the ratification went to the states. On August 26, 1920, after the ratification by the Tennessee legislature, the Anthony Amendment became the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. After 1920 The NAWSA, now that woman suffrage had passed, reformed itself and became the League of Women Voters. Maud Wood Park was the first president. In 1923, the National Womans Party first proposed an Equal Rights Amendment to the constitution. The six-volume  History of Woman Suffrage  was completed in 1922 when  Ida Husted Harper  published the last two volumes covering 1900 to victory in 1920.

Spread of Islam in Europe in the Last Century

Spread of Islam in Europe in the Last Century Introduction Islam is becoming a popular religion in the world today after having spread all over the world and slowly becoming an acceptable religion. Islam is most dominant in Asia and the Arab world. However, in the last century, Islam has found its way into Europe. This paper will describe and highlight the history of Islam in brief and expound on how it has spread to Europe in the last century.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Spread of Islam in Europe in the Last Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islam first became a religion about 1400 hundreds years ago in the regions near Persia and Byzantine (Ezzati, 2002). It was born in the Middle East but as a small religion, its followers had to embrace other cultural norms to survive hostility and keep the religion alive. During the reign of Prophet Mohammad, Islam spread slowly and peacefully. However, after the death of the Prophet, there was a divisio n between the Muslim world, and the Prophet’s mission of peaceful spread of Islam abandoned when his successors formed army troops and began conquering territories (Ezzati, 2002). These troops conquered regions and converted every one under their rule to Islam. The troops acquired big territories and formed empires. The empires succeeded each other until in the late 18th century when colonialists from Europe destroyed them. These Empires included; Umayyad, Abbasids, Fatimids, Ghaznavids, Seljuqs, Safavids, Mughlas and Ottomans. The arrangement of the dynasties is in a chronological order of their existence and their power. Umayyad is the first and most powerful followed by the rest respectively (Malik, 2004). However, these empires did not conquer Europe. Actually, it is due to this fact that the remaining part will discuss how Islam found its way into Europe. Channels of Spread Islam spread throughout Europe in the last century through various channels, such as education and trade (Pauly, 2004). Islam merchants from the Muslim World travelled in merchandise ships to Europe. These merchants on arrival in Europe spread their faith to the European citizens who were willing to hear them and later converted them into Islam. These merchants being trade partners with Europe had the permission to build temporary mosques at the places they stayed when they were on trade missions. By doing this, they slowly spread Islam in Europe as they traded into the deepest parts of Europe (Pauly, 2004). The other major channel through which Islam was spread was through education and science (Abicht, 2008). This was because of the first university built in the Muslim world that made the West become eager to acquire this knowledge.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This university taught majorly Muslim contents and the Europeans who came to learn, also leant about the Muslim faith and would later spread it and teach the faith to the rest of Europe. Europe later built universities and gave scholarships to most of the Muslims students who upon arriving in Europe spread the faith to the other students. Apart from the above mentioned major channels, Islam developed rapidly in Europe after the First World War in 1924 (Ezzati, 2002). Islam rapidly developed during this period because it was during this time that most of the Europeans had occupied the Muslim World. Most Europeans who occupied the Muslim World assimilated the Islam culture and on return to Europe spread the Islam religion to the others left behind in Europe (Abicht, 2008). The other major way through which Islam has spread into Europe was through immigration (Pauly, 2004). Many Muslims migrated to Europe especially in the late 1950s throughout the 1960s to date. These Muslim immigrants went to Europe to pursue higher education or in search of better jobs. Later on, they acquired citizenship in the European nations. These immigrants later brought their families with them and the Muslim population has rapidly being growing in Europe (Malik, 2004). Some of the Muslims present in Europe today, first went there as asylum seekers. The Muslim culture and religion allows polygamy, so the husbands have several wives. This culture also allows girls to be married at very early ages promoting their fertility rates. Due to their high fertility rates, their population has greatly being increasing. The religion also has good cultural values, which are appealing to almost anyone who has interest in the religion. Therefore, after settling in Europe and continuing to practice their religion and culture, some of their Christians neighbors were pleased with the religion and converted to it. Additionally, some people converted to the religion out of sheer eagerness. As such, the religion has been spreading all over the region. In the early 19th century when Islam was y oung in Europe, the Christians began worrying leading to the break of Christians and formation of various Christian denominations especially the Protestants and Roman Catholics. The Protestants went ahead and split even further forming amongst them various denominations (Abicht, 2008). The division among the Christians left many Christians at that time confused on which side to follow. Islam emerging at this time gave a perfect opportunity for the confused Christians to convert into Islam. The main reason was that Islam advocates for one religion, which worships one Supreme Being who is Allah. This message reached the confused Christians who had questions as to why the Christians were splitting yet they worshipped one God. At the time of this confusion, Islam was the only religion to opt for. Many people converted to Islam during this period. The converts influenced their close associates to convert into Islam too, and this is among the many reasons and major ways that Islam spread in Europe in the last century (Malik, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Spread of Islam in Europe in the Last Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other major reasons as to why Islam has spread rapidly in Europe over the last century are the changes in the Christian worshiping styles. During the introduction of Christianity, virtues were highly regarded and people were morally upright although not perfect. The Christians heard the teachings of the Quran, compared them with those of the Bible, and found them similar and they were left confused again, as to why Christianity was becoming more secular. Christianity was becoming a religion of only going to the church rather than practicing what the bible taught. This questions and realization by many Christians made them think otherwise about Christianity. These Christians realized that Islam entailed and practiced what it taught and in a search for a better religion, which was pure and more moral and holy; the Christians found themselves converting to Islam (Ezzati, 2002). Islam remains as the symbol for perfect architectural work because every component of this religion supports each other resulting to a religion of great balance and composition. In addition, it practices everything it teaches and postulates. These facts about Islam have attracted many Christians and pagans who have become converts and followers of the religion. The reason many people are converting to Islam is their knowledge of what Islam has to offer and the lack of confinement by culture since there is freedom of choice (Pauly, 2004). The other reason why Islam has been spreading all over Europe is because of its simplicity (Ezzati, 2002). Islam has a very simple doctrine that calls for the belief in one God creator of heaven and earth. Islam has simple instructions to humankind. it encourages mankind to utilize his God given powers to observe and make i ntellect decisions. These simple instructions have attracted many to the faith in Europe especially in the last century. The other reason why many people in Europe converted to Islam in the last century is after realization of the truth. After the Christian missionaries failed to conquer most of the Asian world, which was mostly Islam, they had to come back to Europe with the false information that Islam had spread by the use of the sword, the reason for the claim, is because of the major territories the Islamic empires had ruled. These missionaries had claimed that after conquering these territories, the people had to choose between Islam and death and as a result, they chose Islam. However, in the last century, people have become more educated and have read more about Islamic history. As such, they have realized that their empires were just like many other empires that existed in the world at that time and that converting to Islam was out of an individual’s choice. This rev elation has removed and erased all the worries and fears that people had about Islam and the large numbers of converts see the result, especially in the last century.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also important in this discussion to mention other channels that have lead to the rapid spread of Islam in Europe and especially North Europe, not initially invaded by any Muslims. These channels are three and considered to be among the fundamental factors that have facilitated the spread of Islam throughout Europe. As mentioned earlier, immigration of Muslims was among the major factors, but immigration has resulted to three major channels that include Islamic organizations, Public Mosques, and infamous underground movements (Abicht, 2008). First, I will begin with the organization groups. Once the Muslim immigrants came into Europe, their population was minimal, and there were no mosques around them. This was in the early 1920s after World War 1 (Pauly, 2004). In an effort to preserve their religion, these Muslim immigrants formed small religious groups, which members could meet and worship together. It was in the estates where these immigrants stayed that the creation of th ese groups took place. However, the estate groups were not as influential in the spread of Islam as the Campus Islamic Preaching Organizations later formed in the late 1930s by the offspring’s of the immigrants (Ezzati, 2002). The few Muslim students who would invite other campus students to go and listen to their summons organized these preaching organizations in campus. The preaching groups would get involved in public debates with the Christian organizations and debate on the virtues and vices of their faith. The engagement in these debates made many campus students familiar with the religion, and the true meaning of a believer. Having in mind that peers, the conversion of some of the campus students, influence many campus students had impact on some of their friends who would later convert to Islam. Later in life, the students did not leave the religion at campus but adopted into their families and when they had their own families their children were born as Muslims and t he trend has developed in that manner and Muslims who were native converts were slowly occupying most of Europe. The other channel that Islam spread over the last century in Europe was through public mosques (Malik, 2004). After acquiring citizenship of the various countries they had migrated to, the immigrants had to worship and as a result, they built public mosques in which they would worship. The Muslims would worship three times a day in their Mosques, as a requirement by the religion. In the mosque, the Sheik would preach and teach the faithful of what is required of them. These teachings not only taught the Muslim faithful but everyone who wanted to hear them also had the opportunity. It is true to note that in the early 1980s mosques had become a common phenomenon in Europe and that they were flooded with many youths. Although most of the youths were Muslims, some Christians always accompanied them to go, hear, and see what their friends believed in. These mosques also had e xternal speakers and the message of the preacher heard within a clear range of distance. Even the passersby could hear and learn a little from the religion. The students who visited the mosques realized that it was not only a source of religious and spiritual nourishment but also a source of knowledge because some important scientific discussions went on there. This information spread among people, the non-Muslims would find themselves visiting the Mosques, and eventually they became converts. Those who passed near the mosques, heard the message, got touched and later converted to Islam and these are the simple ways that Islam was spread all over Europe in the last century. Lastly, there were the underground Muslim movements that assisted in the spread Islam (Malik, 2004). The immigrant Muslims formed underground movements to spread Islam in secret, through Europe. The reason they formed such movements were for fear of persecution from the governments that mostly comprised of Christ ian leaders. The campus students formed these organizations and wanted to spread Islam but feared expulsion from their campus. This was also because Christians owned most of the universities during this time, and the Christian leaders were against Islam. These underground movements moved from place to place spreading Islam and converting all those who were willing to embrace the religion. These underground movements played a significant role in the spread of Islam in Europe in the last century. Conclusion Although Islam has evenly spread in Europe over the last century, it is important to know that it has not been an easy journey. There have been major obstacles and pullbacks that have made the spread quite slow. Some of the Muslim converts are becoming more secular, but in an effort to curb this, the religion is becoming more civilized dropping the cultures that oppressed its followers, especially women. The Muslim religion today is advocating for the empowerment of its women follo wers. Islam has been associated with terrorism and this has hindered its spread, but the strong stand of the Muslim faithful and making it clear that the Quran and Islam do not advocate for terrorism have led to its success. However, despite all these pullbacks, the religion is still spreading at a first rate and it is now widely spread in Europe. Recent statistics have shown that about 53 million people of the total population in Europe today are Muslims and this is only an approximation (Abicht, 2008). Reference List Abicht, L. (2008). Islam Europe: Challenges and opportunities. Belgium: Leuven University Press. Ezzati, A. (2002). The spread of Islam: The contributing factors. London: Islamic College for Advanced Studies Press. Malik, J. (2004). Muslims in Europe: From the margin to the centre. Münster: LIT. Pauly, R. J. (2004). Islam in Europe: integration or marginalization? Aldershot [Hampshire: Ashgate.

Anne Frank Goes Into Hiding, 1942

Anne Frank Goes Into Hiding, 1942 Anne Frank Goes Into Hiding (1942): Thirteen-year-old Anne Frank had been writing in her red-and-white-checkered diary for less than a month when her sister, Margot, received a call-up notice around 3 p.m. on July 5, 1942. Although the Frank family had planned to go into hiding on July 16, 1942, they decided to leave immediately so that Margot would not have to be deported to a work camp. Many final arrangements needed to be made and a few extra bundles of supplies and clothes needed to be taken to the Secret Annex ahead of their arrival. They spent the afternoon packing but then had to remain quiet and seem normal around their upstairs renter until he finally went to bed. Around 11 p.m., Miep and Jan Gies arrived to take some of the packed supplies to the Secret Annex. At 5:30 a.m. on July 6, 1942, Anne Frank awoke for the last time in her bed at their apartment. The Frank family dressed in numerous layers so as to take a few extra garments with them without having to cause suspicion on the streets by carrying a suitcase. They left food on the counter, stripped the beds, and left a note giving instructions about who would take care of their cat. Margot was the first to leave the apartment; she left on her bike. The rest of the Frank family left on foot at 7:30 a.m. Anne had been told that there was a hiding place but not its location until the day of the actual move. The Frank family arrived safely at the Secret Annex, located in Otto Franks business at 263 Prinsengracht in Amsterdam. Seven days later (July 13, 1942), the van Pels family (the van Daans in the published diary) arrived at the Secret Annex. On November 16, 1942, Friedrich Fritz Pfeffer (called Albert Dussel in the diary) became the last one to arrive. The eight people hiding in the Secret Annex in Amsterdam never left their hiding place until the fateful day of August 4, 1944 when they were discovered and arrested. See full article: Anne Frank

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - Essay Example While not similar to what most would consider to be average stress, PTSD is a condition that is special in cause and also equally as special when it comes to the diagnosis, along with the treatment of it. In defining the condition, "Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), once called shell shock or battle fatigue syndrome, is a serious condition that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened. PTSD is a lasting consequence of traumatic ordeals that cause intense fear, helplessness, or horror, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, an accident, war, or natural disaster. Families of victims can also develop posttraumatic stress disorder, as can emergency personnel and rescue workers," ("Mental Health", p.1). While feeling a sense of fear, or a general mental state that leaves the individual feeling as if they have no recourse that would be afforded to them, is something that many of those inflicted by stress are faced with, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is unique in to itself. Just as the sufferers of the condition are unique, so can the symptoms be of those inflicted with PTSD. ... Some may experience flashbacks, hallucinations, or other vivid feelings of the event happening again. Others experience great psychological or physiological distress when certain things (objects, situations, etc.) remind them of the event. Avoidance- Many with PTSD will persistently avoid things that remind them of the traumatic event. This can result in avoiding everything from thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the incident to activities, places, or people that cause them to recall the event. In others there may be a general lack of responsiveness signaled by an inability to recall aspects of the trauma, a decreased interest in formerly important activities, a feeling of detachment from others, a limited range of emotion, and/or feelings of hopelessness about the future. Increased arousal- Symptoms in this area may include difficulty falling or staying asleep, irritability or outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating, becoming very alert or watchful, and/or jumpiness or being easily startled. ("Post-Traumatic", p.1). Further causing harm to those suffering from PTSD, the patients endure a re-occurrence of the event(s) which had taken place, over in over in their minds, thus elevating the level of mental angst they are faced with. A trigger of negative feelings can come from something as minuscule as an item(s) that reminds them of what happened, further prolonging their recovery from whatever it was that upset them to severely. To avoid something that brings about negative feelings is something that most human beings could identify with throughout the course of their respective lifetimes. To mentally, as well as physically, separate from any people, or things,

Technology Development and Market Globalization Essay

Technology Development and Market Globalization - Essay Example Therefore, environmental, social and economic concerns are influenced by technological development globally. The development of modern technologies, IT communications influenced the operation of the global market. For example, by means of electronic communication the modern employees are able to work for two or even more companies, they can regulate their own schedule and as a result we come across a well-developed an integrated cosmopolitan, a more dynamic individual, who is able to integrate in the system of countries integration globally. Question 2 Country factors to locate production In order to locate production in the global market, there is a need to take into account many different factors. For example, the importance of country factors cannot be denied. There is a need for firms operating at the local level to locate manufacturing activities in such a way, that it would focus on different economic, political, and cultural issues. Moreover, the relative factor costs play ano ther critical role in such type of performance. There are different regulations within a certain country, which may influence the national consumption of goods or production. For example, regulations on FDI or exchange rates changing are also essential for country factors considerations. Every country has its own system of values, factors, features and specific needs, which should be taken into account by the producers and manufacturers. Question 3 World financial system without IMF The important role of IMF in the global market cannot be denied. The important sustainable function of IMF with regards to different global countries can be found in multilateral and bilateral surveillance, development of its lending programs, and the provision of technical assistance. In case IMF was absent, it would be impossible for the world financial system to conduct a dialogue between countries-members. Any financial system would be unable to determine from an independent perspective its advantage s and disadvantages. This function is performed by IMF in the process of bilateral surveillance. Under conditions of multilateral surveillance IMF determines financial spillovers from one country to another. There is a technical assistance of IMF and diagnostic actions implemented by this organization, otherwise the countries would be lacking of strategic development of macroeconomic and other structural policies (Kiggundu, 2002). Question 4 China in international business China is a great player globally. This country is being developed at a full pace and it is a well-known producer of 13% of world economic output and consumes nickel, copper and oil at the fullest extent (Kiggundu, 2002). The role of China in WTO reflects the country’s ability to increase its export rates (for 29%). China is a great manufacturer and exporter of textile and electronics (Kiggundu, 2002). There are different spheres of business, trade and manufacturing, which are covered by China. There are fut ure intentions of the country to export cars and airplanes. The global society is greatly interested in investments into this country. There is a favorable atmosphere in China for skilled professionals, their training and education. There is an evident potential in the country, which is attractive for other global players. Question 5 Outsourcing Outsourcing is very

Philosophy and theory of architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Philosophy and theory of architecture - Essay Example Common features however, are considerations such as aesthetics, proportion, and surroundings. Present changes revolve mainly around the need to cope with environmental concerns but the despising of modernism runs deeper. It is generally seen as lacking in character. Prince Charles champions the call for returning to more traditional styles of architecture. A case study of Regent’s Park Mosque in London showed the building is a blend of both Islamic and modernist architectural elements. It reflects the thinking at the time of its construction. Nonetheless, it is evident of the diversity of ideas and practices present today. Architecture, its underlying philosophies and a look at Regent’s Park Mosque This paper examines some theoretical underpinnings of architecture from a philosophical perspective. It shows how theories of design presuppose specific concepts and theories. A brief overview is made of some historical and contemporary architecture and a discussion follows o f present day changes in thinking on architecture. Attention is given to the views of Prince Charles on architecture as they represent those that are dissatisfied with modernism and who hearken back to earlier architectural thinking. The global environmental changes are also contributing to the changed approach. A case study is then made of a particular building in the UK in order to illustrate such ideas, namely the Regent’s Park Mosque in central London. Architecture is intricately related with philosophy. Architecture is after all an imposed organisation of a social space, and that space has to be designed with considerable thought. A certain intended expression is exuded, which holds associations and meanings for the people who see and use the building. Many important religious buildings for example, are designed to be imposing or soothing and evoke an appreciation and respect for the almighty being. They are designed to be experienced at a deeper level so they have stron g philosophical foundations. These and other planned buildings are typically large or otherwise of some importance. They affect the lives of people in some significant way or other. Beauty is one of the important features of the outcome of architectural planning and what we come to expect from a specially designed building. According to de Botton (2008), ideas of a meaningful life are what we consider to be beautiful in architecture. People love beautiful buildings because they represent the kind of ideas about the world we live in and ourselves that they can relate with. The theme of his book deals with the search to find the kind of dwellings in which people could stand the greatest chance of happiness. In doing so, he traces the development of various styles of architecture that have attempted to satisfy human needs and desires. However, the explanation for what makes for happiness is more psychological than philosophical. People do not only associate beauty in buildings with the ir feelings but also their thoughts, and their conception of what is ideal. Kantian philosophers link aesthetics with using logic for aesthetic judgment. They â€Å"suppose that free beauty is simply beauty, but the beauty of works in particular arts is judged beautiful in the light of some antecedent notion of artistic perfection† (Mitias, 1994: 3). That is to say, a specially planned building as opposed to an ordinary building is usually judged based on some understanding of its nature

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World Essay

The Relationship Between the Retail Price of Gasoline and the World Demand for Crude Oil - Essay Example It can found in much abundance in one place which cease to exist at some other country. This instability in the geographic distribution of crude oil makes it quite an important resource to be present in any country. The countries with its abundant deposits are on the top of the food chain economically and the countries with lesser deposits of it are quite weak economically. Hence proving the significance of crude oil for economies. Now crude oil is not only used for production of Gasoline but many other petroleum products are extracted from it. From this we can extract that crude oil has more demand as a commodity and is not only required for the production of gasoline. Gasoline is a refined form of crude oil. Crude oil is extracted or purchased in raw form and goes through various refining processes to produce gasoline. Gasoline has become as the basic commodity which has been in use for decades now as the primary fuel for powering transportation. The transportation requirements hav e been increasing each year as the population of the world increases by a significant percentage each year. Hence increasing the amount of fuel being consumed each year and the demand for gasoline. Now gasoline and crude oil have developed a relationship in which the demand for both are increasing but Gasoline is dependent on crude oil for its production hence making it the dependent product. The global demand for both gasoline and crude oil is on the rise and with no new large deposits being excavated the supply is not increasing much and the demand is growing making the prices for both oil and gasoline head upward. The gasoline we purchase majorly includes the cost of Crude oil , the refining , marketing and distribution and the taxes. So from this we can infer that there is a inversely relationship between the supply of crude oil and the price of gasoline. Also in the years we have seen where the oil prices have dropped but gasoline prices have risen which is due to the fact that there are disruptions in the supply of oil due to unrest in the middle east. (Fuel, 2011) We also can observe this for a fact that the prices of gasoline rise accordingly with the rise of crude oil price but they don’t fall at the same rate when price of crude oil falls. The matter behind this fact is that when prices are high , the retailer have to increase it so that they cover up for their profit margins but what makes the retailers bring price down when the price for crude oil falls is competition. In competition the retailers bring down a few cents to draw in more customers and so on the process continues until they reach a point where they reach their original profit margins or the price of crude oil again increases. Also the demand imbalance of gasoline across various seasons also has an effect on retail pricing of gasoline. (US Energy Information Administration, 2003) 2. Explain what Marathon could do to keep the price at the pump the same without losing profits if g lobal crude production decreased by 10%. In such a situation strategic alliances should be formed on the basis of which Marathon can make bulk purchases and at cheaper rates. If such step is not taken then Marathon will not be able to maintain a stable profit margin. By doing this Marathon will be able to purchase inventory to stock up at cheaper costs and also at the same time have enough fuel supply which would be enough to carry out operations even if there is a supply disruption of crude oil. Marathon can employee the use of

A Report and Risk Management Package Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

A Report and Risk Management Package - Essay Example In the real setting of delivery of healthcare, this would indicate a policy to follow in implementation of healthcare delivery procedure to avoid adverse incidents in medical practice (Leape, L.L. and Berwick, D.M., 2000). The most scientific approach, hence, would be to manage and monitor the quality of healthcare delivered, and clinical governance represents an organization-wise strategy for improving quality within National Health Service in UK. Translated into quality management terms, this would mean devotion to and implementation of a process that involves recording, reporting, managing, and investigating an adverse event and ability to learn from that (Department of Health, (2000). Since the goal of quality in healthcare is to ensure patient and staff safety, these incidents that threaten this safety are known as risks. Any risk management package, therefore, will consist of a written description of the procedure to serve as the standard with clearly demarcated areas of respon sibilities of the involved personnel; if there is such an incident, a process to classify, a protocol for analysis and investigation protocol; a policy of informatics to both the patient and staff with a positive and fair blame approach; guidelines for management of care and service delivery more efficiently; and most importantly, learning from these incidents (Moss, F., Palmberg, M., and Plsek, P., 2000).

Causes and efects of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Causes and efects of Obesity Essay Obesity is a factor that increases risk developing a number of serious and potentially life – threatening disease. At present, obesity rates are rising in several developed countries such as the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Hungary. Around a quarter of these countries’s population is overweight. This essay will look at some of the causes and effects of obesity. Firstly, energy imbalance most often causes obesity. Energy imbalance is the excess of energy in over energy out. Energy in and energy out are the amount of calories the body obtains and uses, respectively. If the amount of energy in is greater than the amount of energy out, your body contains unnecessary calories. Unecessary calories is transformed into fat. The more fat you get, the more weight you gain. Overtime, obesity is inevitable. The other major cause of obesity is lack of physical activities. Sufficiently practicing of physical activities is one of the best way help burn unnecessary calories. Therefore, lacking of volume of physical activities leads to extra calories retained. As a result, obesity happens. For intances, many people hace jobs that involve too much desk sittng and no physical activities. They do not use all the energy provided by foods they eat, and the extra calories are stored as fat instead, which causes obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for many dangerous disease. However, there are two most fatal effects of obesity.  Firstly, obesity has been known as the main factor of high blood pressure. High blood pressure is literally the pressure on blood vessels caused by high workload of heart. The obese body contains fat tissue that needs oxygen and nutrients to live, which requires more blood. Therefore, the heart must pumps more blood through blood vessels, and vessels indure high pressure of blood. This causes high blood pressure. The other consequence of obesity is type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is medical condition which makes blood sugar level higher than normal. This is the  result of insulin resitance. Obesity can cause resistance to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. When obesity causes insulin resistance, the blood sugar becomes eveluated. Even moderate obesity dramatically increases the risk of diabetes, such as blindness. To summarise, obesity derives from two major causes which are energy imbalance and lack of physical activities. Its effects are numberous but the most critical ones are high blood pressure and diabetes. People who are struggling with obesity should start to do more physical activities and have a balance diet in their daily life, so that they can lose weight and avoid obesity.

Effects of Family Changes in Society

Effects of Family Changes in Society Explain how new problems have emerged within your society as a result of changes in the functions of the family. In the UK and other Western countries during the last forty years there has been a widespread experience of changes in marriage, household, and family forms that would not have been thought possible prior to the Second World War (Giddens, 2001). People are less likely to marry than they used to and there is less of a tendency to marry at a young age. The women’s movement which began in the 1960s has, it is argued, led to a rise in the divorce rate and the number of single parent families. There has also been a growth in the rate of women who have children but have not married and in 1997 they made up 42% of all lone parent households (Social Trends, 2000). This paper will look at traditional notions of the family and then at some of the changes in the functions of the family and some of the social problems that have resulted from this Defining the traditional family The family might be generally defined as a group of people who are usually linked by kinship[1] and marriage, who live together, usually, but not necessarily made up of two parents and their children. This type of family is the norm for most people. Murdock (1949) has argued that common to all societies, is the nuclear family, described above (parents and children) or extended family (a wider family membership e.g. grandparents). 40% of all people in Britain in 1996 lived in nuclear families (Brown,1998). Parsons (1955) has argued that the traditional family serves two major purposes that are common to societies, the primary socialisation of children into the norms and values of society, and the stabilisation of adult personalities. For Parsons the institution of the family provided the mutual love and support needed by individuals in order for them to be fit enough to take their places in society (Giddens, 2001). This has been contested by feminists such as Abbott and Wallace (1997) who argue that family life is experienced by its members in different ways and family life has not been supportive of women because it is generally they who provide other members with support. Parson’s model of the family where one adult worked outside the home while the other remained to care for the family has been criticised by many scholars as overly idealistic and neglects the ethnic and class differences that occur within a capitalist society (Giddens, 2001). The capitalist system failed to take into account women’s work in the home Abbott and Wallace (1997) contend and this enabled men to go out to work because women were the hidden labour force. Goode (1972) argues that social systems such as the family, are powerful agents of control because to some extent their existence is founded on force. Within social systems such as the family this is often unrecognised. Goode argues it is, not visible because it is effective (1972:512). Giddens (2001) has further criticised Parsons’ view of the family for neglecting to recognise, and take into account the emergence of different family forms. Fewer people are now choosing to marry and those who do may choose not to have children. Gittens (1992) is of the opinion that in modern Britain: Ideals of family relationships have become enshrined in our legal, social, religious and economic systems which, in turn, reinforce the ideologyand penalise or ostracise those who transgress it (Gittens, 1992, p.74). In 1997 when Blair’s Government came to power the ideology of the family that had existed in Britain for almost a century was breaking down and unemployment was continuing to rise. Death, divorce, and the rise in the number of single parent families meant that the traditional ideal of the male breadwinner and the female carer/homemaker were becoming less common. Single Parent Families 40% of marriages in the UK end in divorce according to the Guardian newspaper 2000,p.3)and there are an increasing number of single parent families in the Western world. There are many different reasons why people become lone parents family structures may change either through the death of a partner, cohabitation or remarriage which leads to reconstituted families. Second marriages however tend to have a higher divorce rate than first time marriages. Some theorist suggest that couples would have lived together prior to getting married, but those who live together may be far more likely to split than married couples. Some of those cohabiting may also have had children and Government figures show that the vast majority of single parent households are headed by women. Because traditional notions of the family headed by a male breadwinner are still prevalent, Abbott and Wallace (1997) suggest that many single parents, who of necessity live off welfare benefits are seen both by those in p ower as a burden on the state. The concerns of the Welfare State were with the traditional, nuclear family where the man was the breadwinner and the woman cared for the home and children. It was not therefore, set up to deal with single parent households. In this way changing family structures result in an increase in other social problems, particularly poverty (Giddens, 2001). Families and Poverty The media and for some Government members refer increasingly to young single mothers as representative of lone parents. In contrast, Crowe and Hardy (1992) and others state that single parents are a varied group because there are a number of different routes to becoming a single parent These involves increased responsibility and many single parents who are without an extended family network are forced to rely on the state system just to get by. These households are very often among the poorest. Giddens (2001) maintains that English speaking countries have the highest number of single parents, and those who are working are among the lowest paid. These are parents who are attempting to be self-reliant and while family working tax credits may seem like a good idea many people have argued that they serve to encourage a dependency culture for people who might prefer to be independent. In 1991 31% of children lived in households with an income that was less than 50% of the national average (Giddens, 2001). The Social Fund was set up to help the poorest members of society to afford basic necessities such as bedding, shoes, and children’s clothes but this does not help those that most need it because it is the poorest who mostly do not get this funding(Cohen,1996). Single parents who want to join the work force rather than remain in receipt of benefits are often prevented from doing so because of the cost of childcare. The Government claim to support working families’ childcare arrangements does not make provision for older children during school holidays. Without the help of other family members, such moves to join the workforce become virtually impossible. In this way families become part of a growing number of those who are excluded from many of the things that most people take for granted. People who are financially poor are also liable to suffer fr om social exclusion in other areas. They may live in areas with the poorest housing, and have less access to decent schools and health services. Conclusion Clearly traditional family structures are no longer the norm in the UK. This leads to other social problems because the state system is not equipped to deal with either the increased burden on the benefits system or in making the employment and childcare systems more equitable. It might be argued that things are not going to return to the way they were and therefore Government needs to initiate policies that relate to the changed structure in UK society. 1250 words Bibliography Abbott, P. and Wallace, C. 1997. An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives. London, Routledge. Chambez, C. 2001. â€Å"Lone-Parent Families in Europe: A Variety of Economic and Social Circumstances† Social Policy and Administration 2001, 35, 6, Dec, 658-671 Cohen, R. 1996 â€Å"The poverty trap† Community Care; 1 Aug 96, p.26-7 Crowe, G. and Hardey,M.1992. â€Å"Diversity and ambiguity among lone-parent households in modern Britain†. In Marsh, C. and Arber, S. (Eds.) 1992. Families and Households: Divisions and Change. London: Macmillan. Giddens, A. 2001. (4th ed). Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press. Gittens, D. 1992 â€Å"What is the family? Is it Universal†. In Macdowell, L. and Pringle, R. (Eds.) 1992 Defining Women: social institutions and gender divisions. Cambridge:Polity. Guardian, 27th March, 2000 p.3 Parsons, T. and Bales, R. 1955. Family, Socialisation, and Interaction Process. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press Social Trends 30 2000. General Household Survey in Giddens, A. 2001. (4th ed). Sociology. Cambridge, Polity Press.p.181 Walby, S. 1986. Patriarchy at Work. Cambridge: Polity. 1 Footnotes [1] Kinship ties generally refer to descent and blood relatives, also to marriage (Giddens, 2001).