Dance :: essays research papers

George Balanchine was conceived in St. Petersburg on Jan 22, 1904, into a melodic family and started contemplating the piano at age 5. He had traditional instruction in acting and move preparing, starting at age 9, from the Imperial Theater School in St. Petersburg. It was initially felt that youthful Georgi would get one of the Tsar's cadets, so it was with the idea that if things didn't work out at the expressive dance school he could generally join the military. Truth be told, in his first year he was not in any manner excited by what he was realizing. He just got the chance to perform once in the Maryinsky Theater in such scenes as The Sleeping Beauty that Balanchine got fascinated of the theater. Balanchine was raised on the move customs of the old style Russian artful dance set up by Petipa. Notwithstanding having all the best instructors and artists on the planet at the time Balanchine expresses that "Contrary to prevalent thinking, artful dance was not paid attention to very by the Russian open. It was an amusement only for the gentry, among whom there were maybe just a couple men of their word who were not principally keen on what the ballet performers were doing after the performance" (balletmet.com). This changed with the insurgency. Artful dance was prohibited for a period until the Minister of Education, Lunacharsky, a balletomane, convinced the specialists to bit by bit restore expressive dance. At some point somewhere in the range of 1919 and 1921, while proceeding to move, Balanchine joined the Petrograd Conservatory of Music. There he concentrated piano and music hypothesis, including piece, concordance, and antithesis, for a long time, and he started to form music. He turned into a gifted conductor and piano player and regularly played for graduating understudy exhibitions at the Imperial Russian Ballet School. He moved on from the Imperial Theater School with distinction in 1921 at age 17 and joined the corps de artful dance of the Maryinsky, by then renamed the State Theater of Opera and Ballet, and now the Kirov Ballet. Balanchine started to arrange while still in his teenagers, making his first work around 1920 or potentially prior. It was called La Nuit, for himself and a female understudy, to the music of Anton Rubinstein. Another of his initial two part harmonies, Enigma, moved in exposed feet, was performed once at an advantage on the phase of the State Theater, just as for certain years from that point, in both Petrograd and in the West. In 1923 he had the option to shape a little troupe, the Young Ballet, for which he formed a few works in a trial vein, however the specialists objected, and the entertainers were compromised with excusal on the off chance that they kept on taking part.

18 Funny St. Patricks Day Quotes and Toasts

18 Funny St. Patrick's Day Quotes and Toasts Irish individuals love to kid about themselves, and their affection for liquor has for some time been a topic in St. Patricks Day humor-and their own genial ribbing of one another. Experience the Irish comical inclination with these amusing St. Patricks Day statements, and utilize these toasts whenever youre in your preferred bar with companions. Irish Blessing May the Good Lord favor you...but not very soon! May the Lord keep you in his grasp and never close his clench hand excessively close. Creator Unknown Holy person Patrick was a gentlemanWho through technique and stealthDrove all the snakes from IrelandHeres a drinkee to his health!But not very numerous drinkeesLest we lose ourselves and then...Forget the great Saint PatrickAnd see them winds once more! Anybody familiar with Ireland realizes that the morning of St. Patricks Day comprises of the evening of the seventeenth of March enhanced firmly with the morning of the eighteenth. Daryl Stout For what reason would it be a good idea for you to never press a 4-leaf clover? You dont need to assume too much. Irish Saying There are just two sorts of individuals on the planet, The Irish and the individuals who wish they were. There are numerous valid justifications for drinking,One has quite recently entered my head.If a man doesnt drink when hes living,How in the hellfire would he be able to drink when hes dead? An Irishman is never flushed as long as he can clutch one piece of sod to shield from tumbling off the earth. Charles M. Madigan St. Patrick-one of only a handful scarcely any holy people whose feast day presents the chance to get firmly whacked and make a dolt of oneself all under the appearance of acting Irish. St. Patricks Day Toast Here’s to a long life and a cheerful one.A snappy passing and a simple oneA pretty young lady and a fair oneA cold brew and another! Irish Toast It is smarter to go through cash like theres no tomorrow than to go through today around evening time like theres no cash! May you kick the bucket in bed at 95 years, shot by an envious spouse (or wife). May the sound of cheerful music, What's more, the lilt of Irish giggling, fill your heart with energy, that stays everlastingly after. May your glass be ever full.May the rooftop over your head be consistently strong.And may you be in paradise thirty minutes before the fiend knows youre dead. At the point when we drink, we get drunk.When we become inebriated, we fall asleep.When we nod off, we submit no sin.When we submit no wrongdoing, we go to heaven.So, lets all become inebriated, and go to paradise! May you generally have a perfect shirt, a reasonable heart, and enough coins in your pocket to purchase a 16 ounces! May the breezes of fortune sail you, may you sail a delicate ocean, may it generally be the other person who says This beverages on me. May your primary care physician never acquire a dollar out of you and may your heart never give out. May the 10 toes of your feet avoid all hardship, and before youre a lot more established, may you hear much preferable toasts over this.

Scarlet Letter And Society Essays - Film, , Term Papers

Red Letter And Society In the novel The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne shows his perspective on transgression in an combination of his characters. Through Hester Prynne, he clarifies her transgression of infidelity and how she gets more grounded by it. Reverend Dimmesdale manages his sin of infidelity by and by on the grounds that he doesn't uncover the wrongdoing, which permits him to turn out to be sick with blame. The character Pearl is depicted as a living sin, and in this manner, is continually being judged. The characters permit the crowd to appreciate Hawthorne's perspective on wrongdoing. Whenever covered up, transgression will demolish, however on the off chance that uncovered and atoned it is fit for making one more grounded. One way Hawthorne builds up his perspective on transgression is through Hester Prynne. Hester is accused of infidelity. Through the novel, the crowd discovers that her wrongdoing makes her a more grounded lady; being the 1600's the disciplines were normally serious. She is compelled to wear a red An upon her bosom to leave the network alone mindful of her bad behavior. In this way she will be living message against wrongdoing, until the shameful letter be engraved upon her headstone (59). This statement educates the perusers that Hester must wear the red letter until she leaves the World. Truly, Hester's identification of shame(102), makes her a more grounded individual. The image makes her more grounded in light of the fact that she endures the bugging remarks of the town. Hester wears the letter with satisfaction. She knows that her wrongdoing is unfair, yet by being open about it she can turn into a more grounded individual. Hester demonstrates that by apologizing and repulsing sin, it is genuinely equipped for making one more grounded. Another character who bolsters Hawthorne's idea of wrongdoing is Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimesdale's transgression of infidelity is most exceedingly terrible on the grounds that he is an image of god. Along these lines, Dimmesdale won't be opened with his wrongdoing. He discloses to Hester, Glad for you Hester that wear the red letter straightforwardly upon your chest! Mine consumes stealthily (176)! The blame that Dimmesdale keeps disguised inside his spirit in the long run beats him and he kicks the bucket. The disgrace and blame he held inside his heart cause his demise. Through Reverend Dimmesdale, Hawthorne builds up the possibility that when sin is covered up, it regularly crushes. The last way Hawthorne carries on wrongdoing is through Pearl. Pearl is the result of Dimmesdale and Hester's undertaking. At whatever point the network sees Pearl and Hester together, they expect that Pearl is a fallen angel youngster since she was conceived out of transgression. Pearl was brought into the world untouchable of the puerile world. An emp of underhandedness, insignia and result of sin (86). This statement shows the individuals' conviction. Hester doesn't accept Pearl to be malevolent, nor does she figure Pearl will emulate her example. Hester stated, I can instruct my little Pearl what I have gained from this (101). For model, Hester is showing Pearl the drill. Numerous kids her age aren't mindful of it. This demonstrates Hester is being a highminded mother. Hester and the network should live with the way that Pearl is a token of the wrongdoing. Hawthorne shapes his perspective on transgression plainly in The Scarlet Letter. By the character, Hester Prynne, he shows that transgression can be a thing or two that will make one more grounded. By utilizing the Reverend Dimmesdale, the crowd knows that when sin is covered up, it can devastate. Pearl is utilized in the novel, as a token of the transgression. The epic depicts sin in an assortment of ways, which Hawthorne represents in an effective way.

The Trial of Mary Winkler

The Trial of Mary Winkler Mary Winkler, 32, was sentenced for intentional manslaughterâ for the shotgun firing passing of her significant other, Matthew Winkler, in 2006 at their Fourth Street Church of Christ parsonage in Selmer, Tennessee. She was captured the next day in Alabama, where she had taken the couples three youthful little girls. Most recent Developments Mary Winkler Wants Daughters BackSept. 11, 2007A Tennessee lady who served just 67 days after she was indicted for shooting her clergyman spouse is currently appealing to the court to recover her kids. The three girls of Mary Winkler have been in the guardianship of her parents in law since she was captured in March 2006. Past Developments Mary Winkler Freed After 67 DaysAug. 14, 2007Mary Winkler has been liberated from authority in the wake of serving just 67 days, the majority of which were spent in an emotional well-being office. She was discharged subsequent to experiencing around two months of treatment. Mary Winkler Sentenced to 210 DaysJune 8, 2007A Tennessee appointed authority condemned Mary Winkler to 210 days imprisonment for her deliberate murder conviction. Winkler will get kudos for time she served in prison before she made security, leaving just 60 days that she will really be imprisoned. Indicted Pastors Wife Seeks New TrialJune 7, 2007Mary Winkler, the priests spouse indicted for homicide for his demise, is looking for another trialâ before she has even been condemned following her first preliminary. Resistance lawyers recorded movements a week ago looking for another preliminary dependent on a few decisions the adjudicator made during her preliminary with respect to declaration the jury was permitted to hear. Mary Winkler Guilty of Lesser ChargeApril 19, 2007A jury of ten ladies and two men saw Mary Winkler as liable of intentional murder in the shotgun firing demise of her better half. Under state law, a conviction of deliberate homicide conveys a sentence of three to six years, with parole conceivable subsequent to carrying out 30 percent of the punishment. Mary Winkler Says Shooting Was AccidentalApril 19, 2007Mary Winkler told the jury of a man vastly different from her spouses unassuming community ministers open picture and said the shotgun coincidentally went blast as she pointed it at him as he had done to her before. Mary Winkler: My Ugly Came OutApril 14, 2007Jurors in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler got a brief look at what may have driven her to shoot her pastor spouse. As per the barrier, Winkler pointed the weapon at Matthew Winkler, as he had pointed it at her previously, to get him to discuss their issues. Jury Selection Begins for Ministers WifeApril 9, 2007Jury choice is planned to start today in the homicide preliminary of Mary Winkler. The preliminary could carry answers to the little Tennessee town of Selmer, where occupants wonder what caused a tranquil, coy evangelists spouse to execute. Preliminary Set April 9 for Pastors WifeFeb. 23, 2007The preliminary of Mary Winkler has been planned for April 9, a date settled upon the two investigators and safeguard lawyers. I think everybody is prepared to get this attempted, said Winklers resistance lawyer, Steve Farese Sr. Killed Ministers Wife Out on BailAug. 15, 2006Mary Winkler was discharged from prison on $750,000 bond. Her discharge was postponed for over seven days while the appointed authority evaluated the particulars of her discharge and checked the dependability of the holding organization that posted her bail. Spouse Killed Minister After Money ArgumentJune 6, 2006A Tennessee clergymen wife told police that she shot him after they contended about accounts at that point let him know Im sorry as he lay kicking the bucket in the room of their home, as indicated by declaration at a meeting mentioning security for her discharge from prison. Pastors Wife Indicted for MurderJune 12, 2006A substitute primary teacher and the spouse of a priest who was discovered shot to death in the congregation parsonage has been arraigned for first-degree murder, implying that specialists accept that she wanted to slaughter Matthew Winkler, 31. Ministers Wife Charged with First-Degree MurderMarch 24, 2006The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation has given a capture warrant on first-degree murder allegations for Mary Winkler, the spouse of Selmer, Tennessee minister Matthew Winkler. Tennessee Pastor Slain, Family MissingMarch 22, 2006A Tennessee church minister was discovered shot to death after he neglected to appear for Wednesday night administrations and a statewide Amber Alert has been given for his missing spouse and three youthful little girls.

Senior Interview Free Essays

1. What is the earth of your home like? Occupied, before they got guardianship of their grandson, life was calm and there was not especially that must be done around the home. When their grandson came to live with them at age 3, life became â€Å"a buzz† once more. We will compose a custom paper test on Senior Interview or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now â€Å"Before our grandson came to us, we normally would get up toward the beginning of the day, sit and unwind as we drank our espresso and had a calm breakfast together. Presently, we (her and her mate) are up right on time to prepare our grandson to go to class. She additionally says â€Å"We possessed energy for the things that we needed to do in our later long periods of life, seeing family, voyaging and such. Presently our time is committed to raising our grandson who props us up and on our toes yet we would not change the circumstances we are in now for the world. † 2. Has maturing changed the home condition? Truly, when they were more youthful, they had the vitality and wellbeing to do the things they needed to. Sally says â€Å"With age came some little battles to remain at the pace we had consistently had when we were more youthful. Things that were in every case simple gradually turned out to be additional tedious, housekeeping used to be something that I could finish before long; presently, I am a little more slow (with the assistance of my grandson). Else, she says â€Å"life keeps every one of us occupied. † 3. Do you depend on others for help with any exercises in the home? Sally answers â€Å"No, we are as yet capable and ready to do our errands and stay aware of the fundamental undertakings that we have. In spite of the fact that, we do have â€Å"John† (grandson) visit family a couple of times each month with the goal that we have the opportunity to energize. † 4. Do you despite everything drive? Provided that this is true, how has maturing changed how you drive? Sally replied, â€Å"Yes, we both (her and her better half Mike) despite everything drive. Driving is something that you would think would remain equivalent to you develop old until you get old. At the point when I am driving now, I feel like everybody is in a hurry to get where they need to go and here I am taking as much time as necessary, attempting to be sheltered while surrounding me are presumably reviling me and saying â€Å"Damn old woman is driving so moderate. † (She giggled as she made the last comment. ) 5. What changes in your home do you face as you get more established? Sally answers, â€Å"As my better half and I get more seasoned, we are beginning to be more slow at things that once took us next to no time. I think as we keep on getting more established, we will keep on getting more slow. † She likewise says, â€Å"With having our grandson home with us, he is helping us when he sees us even battle a little with even little things. I think as we get more established, he will be the one to help us more than any other person. Recreational Activities: 1. Before, what did you accomplish for amusement? What do you do now for pleasure? Sally answers, â€Å"When we were more youthful and our kids were at home with us, we would invest a great deal of energy outside. We wanted to go outdoors, angling and chasing as a family. As our youngsters got more seasoned, they all had things that they were engaged with that removed that time that we had a great time things. † She at that point clarified that as her and her better half developed more seasoned, that they turned out to be increasingly centered around the things that they needed to do like voyaging and seeing family. Sally at that point clarified â€Å"Now that we have our grandson, I go out to see the films, library, and toy shopping a dreadful part. In any case, at that point she clarified that she enjoys investing energy with her grandson doing the things that he gets a kick out of the chance to do on the grounds that she â€Å"loves to see the grin all over. † Sally likewise clarified that they are dynamic individuals from a congregation that they go to two times per week (Wednesdays and Sundays) and they get incredible delight out of the administration. 2. How frequently do you take an interest in these exercises? Sally says â€Å"When â€Å"John† is a decent kid at school and does what he is told here we as a rule take him out about once every week to accomplish something exceptional. † She hen clarifies, â€Å"Church is an enormous piece of our lives. We go to chapel not exclusively to adore yet in addition to have time with individuals that are around our age with and are similarly invested. † 3. Have the things that accomplish for diversion changed as you matured? As expressed above, in their more youthful years, their entertainment rotated around their family. As they got more seasoned, she says â€Å"The things we did eased back. We were not out constantly we could have been. † Sally says, â€Å"We now invest energy where we feel generally good, church and getting things done with our grandson are our main thing most at this point. Social Support and Interactions: 1. Who do you cooperate with all the time? Is this a similar measure of get in touch with you had in more youthful long periods of life? Sally says, â€Å"On a consistent schedule, my significant other and grandson. I generally consider my sister each couple days and perceive how she is getting along and on a week by week premise the siblings and sisters I have at chapel. † She additionally says, â€Å"In the past, we had companions and neighbors that we were in contact with every day except as time went on, the companions we have kept are dying or simply losing contact with them all together. It is hard getting more established and viewing the companions you have begin to die, it make me believe that I won't generally be here and afterward it makes me stress over who will keep our grandson when we are no more. † 2. Do you take an interest in any social clubs? Sally says, â€Å"The just genuine organized social club, in the event that you can consider it that, would be church exercises. On Wednesdays, we go to chapel for book of scriptures study and social time where we talk with our companions there and on Sunday, we go to support that furnishes us with God’s word and time with our congregation siblings and sisters. Important Activities: 1. What gives your life meaning? Sally says, â€Å"My family is the thing that gives my life meaning. I attempt to do however much as could reasonably be expected to remain on the up and up of what is new with my kids and grandkids. My youngsters have consistently been the explanation that we have buckled down. We constantl y needed them to have the better things throughout everyday life and we needed them to be glad. † She additionally says â€Å"Now, my life rotates around dealing with â€Å"John† and ensuring he feels that all is well and that he has a steady home to experience childhood in. † 2. Do you despite everything take part in these exercises as you did when you were more youthful? Sally says, â€Å"When we were more youthful, we had much more exercises when our youngsters were youthful. As they grew up, moved out all alone and had groups of their own, our lives calmed down and the exercises we were continually doing changed into exercises that â€Å"Mike† and I needed to do until we got â€Å"John† and once we got â€Å"John† life became occupied again with the entirety of his exercises. † Mental Stimulation: 1. Previously, what did you do to keep your brain sharp? Sally says, â€Å"In the past, I had my work to keep my brain sharp. I was a secretary at the center school in the town we live for just about 20 years and was constantly occupied with the errands that were I needed to do. My kids likewise propped my psyche up and I cherished helping them with their schoolwork since this helped me keep my brain working and recollecting how to do issues like math and science. † 2. What do you do now to keep your psyche sharp? Sally says, â€Å"Now to keep my brain sharp I do a ton of word and number riddles. I love to do Sudoku riddles and word discover puzzles. Sudoku confounds truly keep my psyche working in light of the fact that occasionally I feel like my hair is ablaze when I am finished with them (she laughs. I likewise invest energy with â€Å"John† to helping him with his schoolwork and I think this assists with keeping me learning still since I have seen that the manner in which kids are instructed now has truly changed from when I had my kids in school. † Physical Activities: 1. Before, w hat did you do to keep genuinely fit? Sally says, â€Å"In the past, when my kids inhabited home, we were consistently in a hurry. We would go places where we would walk and climb through the forested areas like when we would go chasing or angling. We lives near the corner store so we would likewise simply stroll to the store when we required a couple of things rather than get in the vehicle and drive. She likewise says â€Å"I never was a huge wellbeing nut who was constantly stressed over exercise in light of the fact that my weight was never an issue. I felt that is my weight was acceptable then I was getting a lot of activity. † 2. What do you do to keep genuinely fit at this point? Sally says, â€Å"Nowadays we love to go for â€Å"John† for strolls at the neighborhood trails. It’s ideal to be out in the outside air and have the option to invest energy with â€Å"Mike† and â€Å"John† as well as to get a little exercise since I have seen that the more established I get the less muscle I appear to have. â€Å"It appears as though the easily overlooked details are to a greater degree a test than they were in earlier years. Indeed, even simply opening a container is some of the time a test. † 3. Is it accurate to say that you are ready to stay aware of the day by day physical burdens that you are entrusted with regularly? Sally says, â€Å"Yes, it appears as though I am as yet doing a truly great job staying aware of all that I need to do regularly (as she checks out her front room. ) She likewise says â€Å"Keeping a house clean is a task in its own when you have a grandson to get after wherever he goes. † She likewise says, â€Å"I get around to the things I have to do now when I get to them. I used to attempt to ensure the house was immaculate when my youngsters and â€Å"Mike† would get back home every day and believed that having a perfect house for them, food cooking and garments spread out for them day by day was what I should do. Since I consider it, I would have much rather of been playing around with them as opposed to being stressed over the house. † Ending the meeting, her last articulation is, â€Å"Life now is a l

Early Action Decisions and Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Early Action Decisions and Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Decisions and Reactions Early Action decisions will be going out at the end of the week, so here are a few suggestions on how to react to the three different decisions: Admit: Celebrate with family, buy a lot of UGA gear to wear for the holiday season, but remember that not everyone has received a decision of admission, and so be a little more low key with friends and classmates. In other words, do not run up to you best friend during English class and scream I got into Georgia while 10-15 of your classmates are mentally throwing daggers into your back. Defer: This is the most challenging one, as these are applicants who are truly strong students, but we want to see more about them (as well as the rest of the applicant pool) before making a final decision. Please remember, this is not a denial at all, but instead a way for us to be able to review you in full, from your co-curricular activities, your essays, and your recommendations. This is your chance to let us know what you are like as an overall applicant. While this is probably not the answer you would like, I would suggest you treat it as a call-back for a second audition. Some roles have already been cast (or admitted), and we now want to look at you in more detail to see how you compare to the rest of the people auditioning (or applying). One of the worst things you can do is give up and not do the essays. The second worst thing is to call us up and berate us for not admitting you. We will be happy to talk to people, but make sure to communicate in a positive ton e, understand that we cannot talk about other applicants, and please remember that defer does not mean denial. At the end of last year (after all decisions, both during March and Wait List offers in May), just about half of the deferred applicants who completed part II were later admitted. About 1000 deferred students did not complete part II, so we never even had a chance to even review them! If you are serious about UGA, take the time to complete your application, and then be patient as we review all of these files throughout Jan., Feb. and March. When completing part II (the essays), you do NOT need to do an entirely new application, and there is no new/additional application fee. You just need to go to your myStatus page after decisions are out, complete part II (the essays), and hit submit. As well, get a teacher from an academic area to write your teacher recommendation. Deny: While this is not a fun situation at all, the reality is that if you have been denied Early Action, you are truly not competitive for admission at UGA. It is not easy to write that, and it is very difficult to tell this to a student or parent, but when we look at this students application in comparison with the other 10,600 EA applicants (and remember, we expect to get over 7,000 RD applicants as well), they do not match up academically with the others. It is better to tell you now instead of waiting until late March, as this gives you time to make other plans. Unless there seems to be a serious error (you are in the top of your class, take a very challenging course load, and have a strong test score), my suggestion is to not contact us about the decision, but instead move forward with plan B. While we do not mind talking with you at all, the reality is that an Early Action denial means that the admission to UGA is not possible as a freshman.

Applying Evidence-Based Practise at the Workplace Research - 275 Words

Applying Evidence-Based Practise at the Workplace Research (Essay Sample) Content: Applying Evidence-Based Practice at the Workplace Student Name Institution Applying Evidence-Based Practice at the Workplace As of late nurses are being encouraged to integrate and utilize evidence-based practice (EBP) in their everyday nursing care. EBP refers to using scientific evidence in determining best practice. Scientific evidence plays an important role in clinical decision making. EBP is immensely critical and relevant in todays nursing and clinical practice, and it can easily be seen in quality care. Through it, best clinical outcomes can be attained (Butterwick, 2013). For these reasons, this process has to be carefully monitored using continuous monitoring and improvement. The application of evidence practice in the workplace involves six steps. First, the problem the workplace is facing is identified. This can be done by holding a staff meeting and asking the workers to weigh what the problems might be in the workplace. Through incorporating workers in the process, they will be open to change later on. Secondly, the research available is studied to identify possible solutions to the problem (Butterwick, 2013). Through studying the available research, one can find multiple approaches to solving the problem since the quantity of research out there (including those published in sites like PubMed) is overwhelming. Thirdly, assemble the body of research together with the best practices uncovered into a presentation that can be presented to the staff or the management team. If there are multiple approaches to be considered a "pros and cons" list can be created for each solution enabling the staff members to understand each option. One then decides the best solution after considering the preferences and opinions of the staff members involved. What follows is the creation of an action plan for the implementation of the ne...

Swot Analysis Of Gomacro - 1270 Words

GoMacro is a family-owned company that is inspired by a whole-food based macrobiotic lifestyle. Our mission is to create and manufacture healthy organic snacks, as we believe healthy food comes hand in hand with happiness and the well-being of one another. For this reason GoMacro aims to provide our products to targeted business environments in Australia. This plan seeks to generate a significant increase in company sales and profits along with enhancing the healthy lifestyles of those all over the world. The highlights of this plan are the targeted gross margin and sales-revenue. Transitioning globally will be attainable though a proactive approach to the candidacy of customers, local growers and distributers. SWOT-analysis Although†¦show more content†¦This allows our competitors to reach a more broad consumer base faster and with more products, given these bars are made in mass bulk. Second, our inexperience with going internationally creates unknowns and can lead to mistakes. GoMacro must do the most research possible on their competitors to get a feel for what the consumers demand and how timely we can get our product in their hands. Lastly, the concept of our bars being all natural means every single one of our ingredients is naturally grown. This allows for the weather factor to come into play, as this is something we cannot control. The process of planting and growing cannot be sped up, which in result can place us at a disadvantage for reaching our target markets in a timely manner. Opportunities and Threats There are two keys to success that GoMacro is focused on. These are broadly characterized as Internal and External Factors. The internal factors that the company feels that it controls its own success through are it’s selling and marketing power, high-quality service and customer satisfaction, and lastly a key management team. The products the company provides are made attractive in order to maintain a certain level of B2B and B2C clients. GoMacro also needs to be excellent in fulfilling the promise of their products. Clients are not only buying the product for the healthiness of the ingredients but the flavor of the bar as well. With this everything the company sells

Tulsi and Neem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4831 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Effect of Tulsi and Neem extract on mosquito larvae Research question: What are the effects of medicinal plants like Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) and Azadirachta indica (neem) extract on the mortality of Culex larvae? ABSTRACT The effect of Neem and Tulsi on mosquito larvae. The project is aimed at finding natural pesticides or bio-pesticides that effectively control the mosquito population by killing mosquito larvae. They could be used as alternatives to the current pesticides used that have adverse effects on the environment and other species besides the target pest. Mosquitoes are hosts for a very large number of diseases and therefore keeping larvae under control and disallowing the emergence of adult mosquitoes is essential. Two plant extracts have been tested; Neem and Tulsi. The initial hypothesis was that both extracts would have some effect on the larval development and cause mortality in the larvae due to the properties of both plants. The secondary initial hypothesis was that Neem extract would be significantly more effective in killing the larvae than Tulsi at the same percentage. Concentrations of 1% to 10% of each extract were prepared and 10 trials each performed with 10 larvae were undertak en. The samples were checked on after 12 hours and once again after 24 hours and the number of larvae killed in each case was recorded. The results were conclusive and both extracts were very effective at killing larvae at 10% with Neem killing an average of 10 larvae out of 10 and Tulsi 9.6 0.52. However t-values showed that the initial hypothesis stating that Neem would be more effective at all concentrations was incorrect and only 2%, 9% and 10% were significantly more effective in 24 hours with t values of 3.13, 2.92 and 2.43 respectively ( table value of 2.10). This means that in 2%, 9% and 10% concentrations, Neem should be used instead of Tulsi as it is significantly better. This is all very exciting as environmentally safer pesticides can be developed from these two plant extracts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tulsi and Neem" essay for you Create order 1. Introduction Research question: What are the effects of medicinal plants like Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) and Azadirachta indica (neem) extract on the mortality of Culex larvae? The conservative pesticides are augmented to combat complicated pest problems in mosquitoes. In human health during the past few decades these pesticides played an important role in the inhibition of diseases caused by mosquitoes either by inactivating or killing these mosquitoes. Later on when these pesticides are getting accumulated in the environment proved to be hazardous to the environment and mankind. Frequent application of synthetic organic insecticides resulted into pest resistance and outbreak. Most of the insecticidal compound falls within four main classes namely organochlorides, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. Out of these the major classes of insecticides, the insecticides used in present situation are organophosphates and carbamates. There are problems of pesticides resistance and negative impacts on non-target organisms including man and the environment.[1] Environment problems due to the insecticides and pesticides such as destruction of beneficial organisms, non-target pest, some of the pesticide residues in the host plant resulting in stunted grow or killing other organisms have come to an end. This work is basically taken up by some of the herbal plants. These herbal plants possess some of the active ingredients which are eco-friendly but simultaneously have a severe effect on the mosquito populations.[2] Medicinal plants are the most promising source and under extensive trails for their biological activity against various mosquito larvae. During the last 10 to 15 years, interest in botanical insecticides has increased to look for substitutions for synthetic insecticides with those based on naturally occurring substances. The use of botanicals in pest management is not only useful for suppression of pest population but also helps to maintain the sound ecological balance.[3] BOTANICALS IN USE The groups of plant possessing insecticidal substances are enormous. More than 2400 species of the plants in India possess insecticidal properties3. In the middle of the 17th century, most of the economically important natural plant compounds obtained from the plants like neem, tulsi, adathoda, chrysanthemum, turmeric, garlic, tridax etc. are used in commercial insect control. Despite the relative safety of the well-known botanical insecticides, most of these substances have their drawback hindering large-scale application. The chemicals obtained from these plants are unstable in the sunlight and are rapidly metabolized thus limiting their potency and application.[4] Botanical insecticides break down readily in soil and are not stored in animal and plant tissue. Often their effects are not as long lasting as those of synthetic insecticides and some of these products may be very difficult to find. The plant parts used for extraction or assay were the leaves, roots, tubers, fruits, seeds, flowers, the whole plant, bark, sap, pods and wood. The most commonly utilized parts were the leaves, roots. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae contain most of the insecticidal plant species reported. Recently several other plants viz. Neem, Adathoda, Chrysanthemum, Turmeric, Onion, Garlic, Ocimum, Ginger and some other plants have been reported as insecticidal plants which can be used in insecticide preparation. The leaf extracts of Tulsi (Ocimum basilicum, O. sanctum) and vetiver (Vetivera zizanoides) are useful in controlling leaf miners in potato, beans, eggplant, tomato, chilies, etc. Some of the plants having herbal insecticide princip les are presented on table. Source of Plant Nature of action Chemical Group Plant parts Azadirachta indica Contact poison Azadirachtin Leaves, seed Ocimum sanctum Contact, Repellent Tulsin Leaves Chrysanthemum Contact, Repellent Pyrethrin I Flower, seed Tridax procumbens Contact poison Flower Zingiber officinale Repellent zingiberene Rhizome Among all the important insecticidal plants, Neem (Azadirachta indica) is the most promising source of bio-pesticide and its various formulations are extensively used for pest control.[5] Neem leaves, stems, seeds and oil have been used for pest control in sericulture.[6] The limonoids present in it and its products have made it a harmless to mankind while functioning as insecticide, bactericide, fungicide, pesticide etc. It is likely to provide a solution to many of pest and disease problem in sericulture.[7] Generally, extracts of plant leaves or seed are prepared and sprayed; otherwise, seeds are dried under sunshade, powdered finely and applied as dust. More than 20 Neem based biopesticides are available in the market (Table 3). Neem gets biodegraded in a matter of weeks when exposed to sunlight or in soil. Neem products are highly photodegradable and normally degrade within a week. No problem of development of pest resistance and resurgence has been reported from neem products. Hence they have characteristics suitable for IPM strategy. Much of the informations are available on insecticidal properties of plants having some sort of toxic property against insects. The plant parts to be used should be removable: leaves, flowers or fruit and harvesting should not mean destruction of the plant. Azadirachta indica: Neem is perhaps the most well known of all herbs and has been used in ayurveda in India for centuries. The active ingredient in Azadirachta indica (neem) is azadirachtin. It a member of the Meliaceae family and is a botanical cousin of mahogany. Neem is very hard and virile. Neem is especially useful due to its climatic tolerance that allows it to be grown all over the world though it is usually found in tropical regions. It has insecticidal, antifeedant, growth regulating and development-modifying properties and has properties that make it attractive in insect control. It reduces fecundity and longevity as well as increased development time of immature insects. On insects it has been shown to act as a growth retardant and cause molting disorders, change of behavior and morphogenetic defects. Mosquito control is essential as they act as carriers for malaria, filariasis and a host of other diseases as well as being a nuisance. There is a high demand for a less environmentally harmful insecticide as the ones currently used have high neurotoxic effects. Recent studies have also demonstrated neem-induced effects on vitellogenesis and severe degeneration of follicle cells during oogenesis in mosquitoes. It also has several medical properties such as a cure blood morbidity, biliary afflictions, itching, skin ulcers, burning sensations and pthysis. It is also an effective cure against ringworm, eczema and scabies. In English the tree is known as margosa and attains a maximum height of 40 to 50 metres. Ocimum Sanctum: Tulsi is an aromatic plant in the Lamiaceae family. Tulsi has been used for thousands of years in Ayurveda due to its diverse healing properties. Tulsis extracts are used in ayurvedic remedies for common colds, headaches, stomach disorders, inflammation, heart disease, various forms of poisoning, and malaria. Traditionally, tulsi is taken in many forms: as herbal tea, dried powder, fresh leaf, or mixed with ghee. Essential oil extracted from Karpoora Tulsi is mostly used for medicinal purposes and in herbal cosmetics, and is widely used in skin preparations due to its anti-bacterial activity. For centuries, the dried leaves of Tulsi have been mixed with stored grains to repel insects.[8] These plants in harmonious integration with other safe methods of pest control like biological control can provide eco-friendly and economically viable solutions for pest problems in near future. ADVANTAGES Plants producing the compounds having insect growth regulators (IGR), feeding deterrents, repellents and confusants activities are known by the farmer because most of the time they grow in the same general area. Some of these products may be these products act very quickly inhibiting insect feeding even though long term they do not cause insect death. Since most of these products have a stomach action and are rapidly decomposed they may be more selective to insect pests and less aggressive with natural enemies. Most of these compounds are not phytotoxic and have rapid action and low toxicity to mammals and plants. Resistance to these compounds is not developed as quickly as with synthetic insecticides. DISADVANTAGES Most of these products are not truly insecticides since many are merely insect deterrents and their effect is slow. They are rapidly degraded by UV light so that their residual action is short and breakdown is rapid, requiring more precise timing of and/or more frequent application. Not all plant insecticides are less toxic to other animals than the synthetic ones. They are not necessarily available and sometimes cost is more. Most of them have no established residue tolerances and there is lack of test data and sometimes lack of state registration of some materials. There are no legal registrations establishing their use. Not all recommendations followed by growers have been scientifically verified. The above statements are altered if you find anything that can be added or deleted you can do it. Insects adapt themselves to aquatic habitats inspite of their terrestrial origin. The aquatic and semi-aquatic insects are remarkable for their diversity of forms, reflecting adaptation to a wide variety of niches such as salt water pools, saline ponds, hot springs, high mountain lakes, large rivers, temporary and permanent ponds. Mosquitoes are known as vectors of the pathogens causing human diseases. They belong to the order Diptera; the true flies. Like all flies they have two wings but unlike other flies they have scales and the females have sucking proboscis. There are over 2500 species of mosquitoes. Culex mosquitoes are known to be painful and persistent biters and are a nuisance. The reason why I chose this topic is because the pesticides that are currently used in pest control contain chemicals that have diverse side effects on the environment and organisms other than the target pest. I decided to use natural substances found in nature and see if they would work as a form of pest control instead. I have used two extracts; Neem and Tulsi, in order to see which one was more effective in killing these mosquitoes. Neem, Tulsi and eucalyptus have been used as they are prevalent in the tropical and sub-tropical countries of Africa and Asia with a large mosquito population and there have been significant prospects of being used as an insecticide on a commercial scale due to their useful properties. Aim: In early literature mentioned above it was noted that the mosquitoes inhibit both temporary and fresh water stagnant bodies and they are found in abundance causing nuisance to the human population. The aim of the present study was undertaken on the following aspects 1. To determine the number of Culex larvae killed in 12 hours and 24 hours using different plant extracts like Neem and Tulsi in crude form. 2. To determine the number of Culex larvae killed in 12 hours and 24 hours by Neem and Tulsi under various concentrations (1%-10%). 3. To determine the statistical analysis t tests were performed. 2. Materials and Method 2.1. Materials / Equipments 250 ml beaker, Mortar and pestle, Pipette, Stirrer, Water, Fishing net (for catching larvae), Dropper, Watch glass, Petri dishes. Culex larvae: For the present study, the larvae of Culex mosquitoes were used throughout the investigation. These larvae were chosen because they were most abundant in the water bodies which are very active fast wriggling movement. The Culex larvae were collected from stagnant water bodies at Varthur Lake in Bangalore (fig.1) using a hand net. They were transported in plastic buckets containing clean water to the lab. Larvae were categorized based on their size as large and small. The large sized Culex larvae were about 0.7 cm and the small sized Culex larvae measured about 0.2cm in length. For the present study I have used only large sized larvae (3rd and 4th instars stage). Medicinal plants used as extracts: Botanical name Common name Medical Purposes Part of plant used Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Used to treat digestive problems Young leaves Azadirachta indica Neem Kills pathogens. Used to cure skin ailments. Young leaves Preparation of Stock solution: Azadirachta indica: [Neem] I collected neem leaves from my school campus. Only young leaves were collected and dried in the absence of sunlight in the shady region. The complete method of preparing 10% stock solution of this plant extract is mentioned below. 10 grams of dried young leaves were then grinded using mortar and pestle along with methanol and dried. Then add 100 ml of distilled water to make out 10% stock solution. Then the 10% neem stock solution was decanted after centrifugation. Now from this 10% stock solution different concentration solutions in percentage were prepared [ranging from 1% 10%] i.e., 10ml of 10% stock solution in 90ml of distilled water gives 1%, 20ml of 10% stock solution in 80ml of distilled water will give 2%, 30ml of 10% stock solution in 70ml of distilled water will give 3%, 40ml of 10% stock solution in 60ml of distilled water will give 4%, 50ml of 10% stock solution in 50ml of distilled water will give 5%, 60ml of 10% stock solution in 40ml of distilled water will give 6%, 70ml of 10% stock solution in 30ml of distilled water will give 7%, 80ml of 10% stock solution in 20ml of distilled water will give 8%, 90ml of 10% stock solution in 10ml of distilled water will give 9%, and for 10% the stock solution itself was used. Ocimum sanctum: [Tulsi] I collected Tulsi leaves from my school campus. Only young leaves were collected and dried in the absence of sunlight in the shady region. The complete method of preparing 10% stock solution and the different concentration of this plant extracts in percentage was done by same method as mentioned above in Neem. 2.2. Method / Procedure Mortality of larvae using crude plant extracts: 1. The large sized Culex larvae were taken in the petridishes. 2. 5 ml of crude plant extracts of neem and tulsi were taken in the different test tubes. 3. 10 larvae were introduced in each test tube at the same time. 4. Ten trails were carried out for the two different plant extract. 5. The number of larvae killed was recorded for 1hr, 12hr and 24 hr. 6. Larvae were feed with dog biscuit powder. 7. Comparative analysis was carried out graphically between the two plant extracts at different time period. Mortality of larvae using different concentration of plant extracts: 1. The large sized Culex larvae were collected and separated in the petri dishes. 2. 5 ml of 1% Neem extract was pipetted in the test tube using a graduated pipette. 3. 10 Culex larvae were introduced and the time was noted. 4. Ten trials were carried out at the same time for different concentration. 5. The larval mortality was recorded for 12 hours and 24 hours. 6. The same procedure was followed for different concentrations [2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% 10%] of the Neem extract. 7. During this experiment the larvae was feed with dog biscuits in powdered form. 8. The above mentioned procedure was also carried out using Tulsi plant extract. 9. A comparative study of larval mortality was made by using these two plants extract on the Culex mosquito larvae. The percentage of mortality (which will give us an indication of the effectiveness of the extract) will be calculated using the following formula. Percentage of mortality = Number of dead larvaeNumber of larvae introduced X 100 2.3. Variables Dependant variable- Number of larvae killed Independent variable-Different concentration of neem extract and tulsi extract, different time period [1hr, 12 hrs, 24 hrs] Controlled variable-Number of larvae, Volume of water, Temperature, food 2.4. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 Null Hypothesis (Ho): Neem and Tulsi have no significant the mortality of the Culex larvae. Positive hypothesis (H1): Neem and Tulsi have a significant effect on the mortality of the Culex larvae. Hypothesis 2 Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant difference in the rate of mortality between Neem and Tulsi plant extracts. Positive Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant difference in the rate of mortality between Neem and Tulsi plant extracts. 3. Results 5.1 Mortality of larvae using crude plant extracts The Culex larvae were exposed to different plant extracts in crude form to study the mortality rate. The number of Culex larvae killed was recorded after 1 hour, 12 hours and 24 hours separately (Table 1). In one hour the mean number of larvae killed by Neem was 4.90.74 and for Tulsi it was 3.51.08. As time progresses the difference in effectiveness becomes less and the two extracts are approximately equal. The crude extract of Neem was more effective than Tulsi in one hour duration. At 12 hours the mean number of mosquitoes killed were 9.21.14 and 81.05 respectively. At 24 hours the Neem and Tulsi extracts showed almost the same level of effectiveness with mean values of 10 and 9.70.48 respectively. The crude form of Neem extract was significantly more effective than Tulsi in killing the Culex larvae in 1 hour and 12 hours. However in 24 hours there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of Neem and Tulsi plant extracts. 5.2 Mortality of larvae using different concentration of plant extracts: 5.2.1. Neem: The mortality of the larvae using different concentrations of Neem extract was recorded. At 1% concentration the mean number of larvae killed was noted to be 2.4 0.52 in 12 hours and 3.5 0.53 in 24 hours. At 10% concentration the highest mortality rate was recorded as 9.6 0.52 and 10 for 12 hours and 24 hours respectively. As the concentration of the Neem extract increased, the mortality of the larvae also steadily increased (Table 2). 5.2.2. Tulsi: The mortality of the mosquitoes for Tulsi extract was recorded in the same way as Neem. At 1% concentration the mean number of larvae killed was noted to be 1.8 0.63 in 12 hours and 3 0.67 in 24 hours. At 10% concentration the highest mortality rate was recorded as 8.7 0.67 and 9.6 0.52 for 12 hours and 24 hours respectively. As the concentration of the Tulsi extract increased, the mortality of the larvae also steadily increased (Table 3). Table 1 : Mortality of larvae using crude plant extract Trail s No. of larvae killed 1 hour 12 hours 24 hours Neem Tulsi Neem Tulsi Neem Tulsi 1 5 2 10 9 10 10 2 4 3 10 6 10 9 3 5 5 7 7 10 10 4 6 4 10 8 10 10 5 4 3 8 7 10 9 6 5 4 10 9 10 10 7 6 4 9 8 10 10 8 4 5 10 9 10 10 9 5 3 8 9 10 10 10 5 2 10 8 10 9 Mean S.D 4.90.74 3.51.08 9.21.14 81.05 100 9.70.48 T- test 3.38 2.45 1.96 Calculations T value= Degree of freedom = 20 -2 = 18 Level of significance= 0.05 Table t value = 2.10 Neem and Tulsi in 1 hour Calculated T value= 4.9- 3.5 / (0.74)2 + (1.08)2 /10 = 3.38 Neem and Tulsi in 12 hours Calculated T value = 2.45 Neem and Tulsi in 24 hours Calculated T value = 1.96 Graph Showing the mortality of larvae using crude plant extract Table 2 Mortality of larvae using different concentration of Neem extracts S. No. Different concentration of Neem extract [%] Mean No. of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 1% 2.4 0.52 3.5 0.53 2 2% 3.2 0.63 4.3 0.48 3 3% 3.9 0.57 5 0.67 4 4% 4.6 0.7 5.9 0.74 5 5% 5.3 0.67 6.4 0.7 6 6% 5.8 0.42 7 0.67 7 7% 6.5 0.85 7.5 0.53 8 8% 7.4 0.52 8.6 0.7 9 9% 8.6 0.84 9.8 0.42 10 10% 9.6 0.52 10 Graph Showing the mortality of larvae using Neem plant extract Table 3 Mortality of larvae using different concentration of Tulsi extracts S. No. Different Concentrations of Tulsi Extract Mean No. of larvae Killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 1% 1.8 0.63 3 0.67 2 2% 2.6 0.7 3.6 0.52 3 3% 3.3 0.67 4.4 0.7 4 4% 4.1 0.74 5.3 0.82 5 5% 4.8 0.79 5.8 0.79 6 6% 5.4 0.52 6.7 0.48 7 7% 6.2 0.79 7.4 0.7 8 8% 7 0.67 8.1 0.57 9 9% 7.9 0.57 9.1 0.63 10 10% 8.7 0.67 9.6 0.52 Graph Showing the mortality of larvae using Tulsi plant extract Table showing the comparative mean mortality of the larvae using Tulsi and Neem extracts Different Concentrations Mean No. of larvae Killed in 12 hours Mean No. of larvae Killed in 24 hours Tusli Neem Tulsi Neem 1% 1.8 0.63 2.4 0.52 3 0.67 3.5 0.53 2% 2.6 0.7 3.2 0.63 3.6 0.52 4.3 0.48 3% 3.3 0.67 3.9 0.57 4.4 0.7 5 0.67 4% 4.1 0.74 4.6 0.7 5.3 0.82 5.9 0.74 5% 4.8 0.79 5.3 0.67 5.8 0.79 6.4 0.7 6% 5.4 0.52 5.8 0.42 6.7 0.48 7 0.67 7% 6.2 0.79 6.5 0.85 7.4 0.7 7.5 0.53 8% 7 0.67 7.4 0.52 8.1 0.57 8.6 0.7 9% 7.9 0.57 8.6 0.84 9.1 0.63 9.8 0.42 10% 8.7 0.67 9.6 0.52 9.6 0.52 10 Graph comparing number of larvae killed using both plant extracts in 12 hours Graph comparing number of larvae killed using both plant extracts in 24 hours T Values at Different concentrations of Neem and Tulsi extract Concentration of Neem and Tulsi Calculated t value in 12 hours Calculated t value in 24 hours 1% 2.32 1.85 2% 2.14 3.13 3% 2.16 1.96 4% 1.55 1.72 5% 1.53 1.80 6% 1.89 1.15 7% 0.82 0.36 8% 1.49 1.75 9% 2.18 2.92 10% 3.36 2.43 4. Discussion A t-test was performed for the values obtained for the comparison of the crude extracts. The t-test values for crude Neem and Tulsi extracts are effective if seeing if Neem is significantly more effective than Tulsi in a certain time period. The calculated t value for 1 hour is 3.38. This is higher than the table t value of 2.10. Hence in 1 hour Neem is significantly more effective in killing larvae. In 12 hours the calculated t value is 2.45 and therefore we can draw the same conclusion. However in 24 hours the calculated t value in 1.96 and thus there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of Neem and Tulsi. By this point it is evident that, as far as Hypothesis 1 is concerned, that both Neem and Tulsi are effective in killing mosquito larvae. With regard to the crude extract we can say that in 1 and 12 hour periods, Neem is more significantly more effective but not in 24 hours (Hypothesis 2). T-tests were also performed to compare the significant difference in mortality of Neem and Tulsi extracts at different concentrations. Separate t-tests were performed for 12 hours and 24 hours. As seen in the tables above the t-values are significant in 12 hours for 1%, 2% and 3%. They are significant as at these concentrations the calculated t values are greater than the table t value of 2.10. It is also observed in 9% and 10% concentrations in 12 hours. In 24 hours significance is observed in 2%, 9% and 10%. What these means is that for these concentrations in their respective time periods, Neem is significantly more effective than Tulsi in killing larvae. The main effect that Azadirachta indica has on larvae is the growth regulatory effect. It is because of this property that Neem acts as an excellent natural insecticide. Exposure of culex larvae to sub lethal doses prolongs the larval development and causes reduced pupal weight and oviposition. Neem works by intervening at several stages of the insects life. The ingredients present in Neem are approximately the same shape and structure of vital hormones for the insects. The larvae absorb these Neem compounds as if they were real hormones which blocks their endocrine systems. This leaves the insects so sonfused in brain and body that they cease to reproduce and thus the population plummets. Tulsi extract exhibits high mortality, especially during the molting process. The molting of larvae takes place under the influence of the ventral nerve cord neurosecretory cells. These cells release the tanning hormone. The extract may have an inhibiting effect on such cells. They may also act on epidermal cells that produce enzymes necessary for the circular oxidation process. Both plant extracts affect reproduction and inhibit the emergence of adult mosquitoes from their larvae. They also decrease the feeding time for larvae and cause less food to be ingested. This has been noted to cause a fall in the carbohydrate levels of the larvae. A study noted that the extracts cause the amount of DNA and RNA in the larvae to fall thus suggesting that the extracts may affect nucleic acid synthesis. The feeding in the larvae may have decreased due to indigestion caused by the plant extracts as they inhibit metabolic processes. [9] Both Ocimum sanctum and Azadirachta indica are available easily and in large quantities. They do not require professional handling, are inexpensive and safe which makes them very valuable as pesticides. Additionally Tulsi has properties that enable it to disinfect water. The extracts could help replace harmful pesticides used such as DDT as they are safe for non target animals and do not pose residue problems but are still effective in killing larvae and suppressing the adult mosquito population. In conclusion further effort should be taken to produce bio-pesticides from Neem or Tulsi as well as research to find other plants products that may be more ideal. UV rays may affect the Neem and Tulsi extracts thus making them ineffective so research should be done in order to find plant products that do not degrade in the presence of sunlight thus making them completely versatile. 5. Summary * The findings have important implications in the practical control of mosquito larvae, especially, in a polluted aquatic environment. * Ocimum sanctum and Azadirachta indica are the two plants out of which the extracts were prepared. * Solutions of concentrations varying from 1% to 10% were prepared from the stock solution for each plant. * Each concentration was tested on 10 larvae. 10 trials were undertaken and the results were noted. * Both plants were deemed effective as far as larval mortality in concerned. Neem extract had a slightly higher mortality rate. 6. Bibliography (Singh et al. 2000, 2004). Pest management in sericulture (2000), Properties and potential of natural pesticide against sericulture pests. Publ. Zool. Soc. India. pp. 200-206 (Singh and Saratchandra, 2002). An Integrated approach in pest management in sericulture, Int. J . Indust. Entomol. 5, 141-151 (Baskaran and Narayanswamy, 1995) Traditional pest control. Caterpillar Publications. Tamil Nadu, India. (Casida, 1983). Development of synthetic insectide from natu ral products. Case History of pyrethroids from pyrethrins. (Schmutterer, 1990). Properties and potential of natural pesticide from Neem tree. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35, 271-297 (Singh, 1999). Use of Neem against pest of tasar food plants. Indian silk. 38, 20-22 (Singh and Sinha, 1993). Neem to control pests of tasar. Indian silk. 32, 42-44 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_sanctum (Vinayagam, 2008). Larvicidal Activity of some medicinal plant extracts on malaria vectors. Indian Research Paristology 3. 2, 50-58 (Singh and Saratchandra, 2005). The Development of Botanical Products with special reference to Seri-ecosystem. Caspian J. Env. Sci. 3, pp 1-8 (Marousky, 1969). Influence of various commercial floral preservatives. Florida State Horticultural Society. Pp 398- 403 (2003).Prospects of using herbal products in the control of mosquito vectors. ICMR Bulletin. 33, 2-12 7. Appendix Neem TABLES 1% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 5 2 3 6 3 4 7 2 3 8 2 4 9 2 4 10 3 3 Mean in 12 hours= 2.4 0.52 Mean in 24 hours=3.5 0.53 2% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 5 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 2 4 7 3 4 8 4 5 9 3 4 10 4 5 Mean in 12 hours=3.2 0.63 Mean in 24 hours=4.3 0.48 3% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 3 4 2 4 5 3 4 6 4 4 5 5 4 5 6 5 6 7 4 5 8 4 5 9 3 4 10 4 5 Mean in 12 hours=3.9 0.57 Mean in 24 hours=5 0.67 4% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 4 5 2 4 5 3 5 6 4 4 5 5 4 6 6 5 6 7 5 7 8 4 6 9 5 6 10 6 7 Mean in 12 hours= 4.6 0.7 Mean in 24 hours=5.9 0.74 5% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 5 6 2 6 7 3 5 6 4 6 7 5 6 7 6 5 7 7 5 6 8 4 5 9 5 6 10 6 7 Mean in 12 hours=5.3 0.67 Mean in 24 hours=6.4 0.7 6% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 6 7 2 6 7 3 6 8 4 5 6 5 6 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 8 5 6 9 6 8 10 6 7 Mean in 12 hours=5.8 0.42 Mean in 24 hours=7 0.67 7% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 5 7 2 7 8 3 6 7 4 6 7 5 7 8 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 6 7 9 7 8 10 8 8 Mean in 12 hours=6.5 0.85 Mean in 24 hours=7.5 0.53 8% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 7 8 2 7 8 3 8 9 4 8 9 5 7 9 6 7 8 7 8 9 8 7 8 9 7 8 10 8 10 Mean in 12 hours=7.4 0.52 Mean in 24 hours=8.6 0.7 9% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 10 10 2 8 10 3 8 10 4 8 10 5 8 9 6 9 10 7 8 9 8 9 10 9 8 10 10 10 10 Mean in 12 hours= 8.6 0.84 Mean in 24 hours=9.8 0.42 10% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 10 10 2 10 10 3 10 10 4 9 10 5 9 10 6 10 10 7 9 10 8 9 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 Mean in 12 hours=9.6 0.52 Mean in 24 hours=10 Tulsi TABLES 1% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 1 3 5 2 4 6 2 3 7 1 2 8 2 3 9 2 4 10 1 2 Mean in 12 hours= 1.8 0.63 Mean in 24 hours=3 0.67 2% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 1 3 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 2 3 5 3 4 6 2 3 7 3 3 8 3 4 9 3 4 10 3 4 Mean in 12 hours= 2.6 0.7 Mean in 24 hours=3.6 0.52 3% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 3 4 2 4 5 3 3 4 4 2 3 5 3 4 6 4 5 7 4 5 8 4 5 9 3 4 10 3 5 Mean in 12 hours=3.3 0.67 Mean in 24 hours=4.4 0.7 4% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 3 5 2 5 6 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 3 4 6 4 5 7 4 5 8 4 5 9 5 6 10 5 7 Mean in 12 hours=4.1 0.74 Mean in 24 hours=5.3 0.82 5% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 4 5 2 5 6 3 6 7 4 4 5 5 6 7 6 5 6 7 5 6 8 4 5 9 5 6 10 4 5 Mean in 12 hours=4.8 0.79 Mean in 24 hours=5.8 0.79 6% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 6 7 2 5 6 3 6 7 4 5 7 5 5 6 6 5 6 7 6 7 8 5 7 9 6 7 10 5 7 Mean in 12 hours=5.4 0.52 Mean in 24 hours=6.7 0.48 7% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 6 8 2 5 7 3 6 7 4 7 8 5 6 7 6 7 8 7 7 8 8 6 7 9 7 8 10 5 6 Mean in 12 hours=6.2 0.79 Mean in 24 hours=7.4 0.7 8% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 6 8 2 7 8 3 8 9 4 7 8 5 8 9 6 7 8 7 6 7 8 7 8 9 7 8 10 7 8 Mean in 12 hours=7 0.67 Mean in 24 hours=8.1 0.57 9% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 8 9 2 9 10 3 8 10 4 8 9 5 7 8 6 8 9 7 8 9 8 7 9 9 8 9 10 8 9 Mean in 12 hours=7.9 0.57 Mean in 24 hours=9.1 0.63 10% Trail Number Number of larvae killed 12 hours 24 hours 1 8 9 2 10 10 3 9 10 4 9 10 5 9 10 6 8 9 7 9 10 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 8 9 Mean in 12 hours=8.7 0.67 Mean in 24 hours=9.6 0.52 [1] (Singh et al. 2000, 2004). Pest management in sericulture (2000), Properties and potential of natural pesticide against sericulture pests. Publ. Zool. Soc. India. pp. 200-206 [2] (Singh and Saratchandra, 2002). An Integrated approach in pest management in sericulture, Int. J . Indust. Entomol. 5, 141-151 [3] (Baskaran and Narayanswamy, 1995) Traditional pest control. Caterpillar Publications. Tamil Nadu, India. [4] (Casida, 1983). Development of synthetic insectide from natu ral products. Case History of pyrethroids from pyrethrins. [5] (Schmutterer, 1990). Properties and potential of natural pesticide from Neem tree. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35, 271-297 [6] (Singh, 1999). Use of Neem against pest of tasar food plants. Indian silk. 38, 20-22 [7] (Singh and Sinha, 1993). Neem to control pests of tasar. Indian silk. 32, 42-44 [8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_sanctum [9] (Vinayagam, 2008). Larvicidal Activity of some medicinal plant extracts on malaria vectors. Indian Research Paristology 3. 2, 50-58

Jewish Cultural Immersion Through My Eyes - 3058 Words

Jewish Cultural Immersion: Through my Eyes To become an effective counselor to Jewish Americans or any race or diverse population is to be aware of one’s thoughts and opinions concerning racism and racial advantage, as well increase knowledge of culture’s different from oneself (Hays Erford, 2014). Jewish Americans are referred to those Caucasian individuals who have immigrated to the United States from another country, such as Eastern Europe (Hays and Erford, 2014). In this paper, I will identify and provide a description of the Jewish population and how they differ from myself in a variety of ways. Additionally, I will provide a reflection of my immersion into the Jewish culture via my observations and highlight what I have learned†¦show more content†¦I never asked why she felt that way, I watched â€Å"Seinfeld† and never really formed any negative associations towards Jewish individuals, I viewed them no differently than other individuals. However, I had no exposure to their culture or understanding of the differences between myself and them. I was watching a home improvement show and the individuals wanted a kosher kitchen, and I had no idea what that was or why. I was not aware their cuisine The knowledge regarding the Holocaust was taught in school and as a student, it was necessary to read The Diary of Anne Frank. I found it shocking that Hitler managed to order those individuals under his rule to believe anti-Semitic beliefs and kill so many Jewish people. I am Caucasian, not really any different from a Jewish individual and I could not imagine being forced into a concentration camp to work, starve, be beaten, and killed because of my culture. On some levels, I relate the Holocaust and the Jewish population to the African American battle with slavery. In my opinion, both races were treated unfairly and the results have negatively affected many generations of both populations. What made this assignment difficult for me is that I do not know any Jewish people. I was not aware there was a Jewish synagogue found in Beaumont, Texas, twenty miles from my home. Additionally, I was not aware that Houston had a museum dedicated to the Holocaust either. Furthermore, I am ashamed to admit I was not aware that JewishShow MoreRelatedThe Alphabet : Natural Or Unnatural?1336 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher and cultural ecologist, discusses several forms of literacy, including oral, print-based, and electronic. He explains the reasons for the cultural shift from oral literacy to print-based literacy that occurred centuries ago and argues that â€Å"...modern civilization s evident disregard for the needs of the natural world† is partially at fault with the alphabet (28). The reason being that the first civilizations who possessed a negligent attitude toward the earth, (the Jewish and the ChristianRead MoreDictionary.Com Defines Literacy As â€Å"The Quality Or State1418 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher and cultural ecologist, discusses several forms of literacy, including oral, print-based, and electronic. He explains the reasons for the cultural shift from oral literacy to print-based literacy that occurred centuries ago and argues that â€Å"...modern civilization s evident disregard for the needs of the natural world† is partially at fault with the alphabet (28). The reason being that the first civilizations who possessed a negligent attitude toward the earth, (the Jewish and the ChristianRead MoreShould Students Study Abroad?1861 Words   |  8 Pagesor college aged students will increase cultural understanding, learn other languages, and gain skills and experience that will help them achieve their career and educational goals. 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Essay about The History and Pillars of Islam - 723 Words

How can we define Islam? Is it worship and a way of living? Or it is only performing the Islam pillars (performing payers five times per day, fasting on Ramadan, giving Zakat, and going for Hajj for those who can offer) â€Å"Being born Muslims in a Muslim country we don’t bother to look beyond the fact of being followers of Islam† (aslam).Islam is one of the main and major monotheistic religions as Christianity and Judaism which have been there since long time. Globally, it considers the second biggest religion and the most growing one among the other religions. As it has been motioned by Kobeisy (2004) â€Å"The number of Muslims in the world is approximately 1.2 billion, one-fifth of the world population† p.11. The importance of Islam lies behind†¦show more content†¦So Muslim should be for the reason of seeking the satisfaction of Allah, and that mentioned in the Quran in Surat Ibrahim , (verses 17) as interpreted to English language â€Å"Allah kee ps firm those who believe, with the firm word, in worldly life and hereafter ,And Allah sends the wrongdoers .And Allah does what He wills.† Second reason is asking help from Allah and believing that the only help can come only from Allah. The third reason is being a non stoppable seeker for knowledge which will lead to be in the exact and the right path of Islam as learning assists in getting more information about what suppose to be done for paradise. The most essential reason is having a good appetite for the Holy Quran, not only by reading and recitation it. But also, remembering the Quran by heart, and applying what it says in our daily living routine as it is a significant pillar for preserving the life. Being afraid from Allah and having piety is one of the keys that bring sustenance, that can be seen in Surat At- Talaq, (verses 2-3) as translate â€Å"Whoever fears Allah –He will make for him a way out , and will provide for him from where he does not expectâ € . Since Allah is the creator of the heavens and the earth, the good Muslim will always remember and recall that Allah brings peace of mind as obviously declared in Surat Ar-Ra’d, (verses 18) as explained in English â€Å"Those who have believed and whoseShow MoreRelatedEssay on Islam: A Religion and Culture1630 Words   |  7 PagesIslam: A Religion and Culture Islam is one of the oldest religions in history dating back to about 600 AD. It began when a man named Muhammad heard a voice from the heavens instructing him to proclaim the word of god. Currently there are over 800 million followers of the Muslim religion. The main text of the religion is the Quran which is said to be the word of God, or Allah as called in Muslim. 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Islam now counts among its adherents one out of every five people on earth.† (Spencer 36). However, on September 11, 2001 as the World Trade Center buildings exploded into flames, America and the rest of the world’s view of Islam and MuslimRead MoreEssay on Five Pillars of Islam1239 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 28, 2005 The Five Pillars of Islam After watching The Five Pillars of Islam it has made me rather interested in the history and origin of the Islamic religion. So often today we see the Islam as a religion of terrorism, and war. We see it as a religion of people that have nothing in their heart but bad. The truth is that Islam was started on principles very different from what we see in the news or hear on the radio. 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Mythical Solutions to Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Exposed

Mythical Solutions to Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Exposed Crying is a more appropriate reply, because depression is related to a feeling of loss. At times it becomes a sense of joy and maybe even ecstasy. Indications of exaltation are simple to notice. It's a fact that smoking gives a sense of pleasure. It might be possible when all the women and men will comprehend the need of women empowerment. Loss of mother usually means a loss of the world for a youngster and in some instances, the loss of himself. The Benefits of Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Just follow and a couple of measures and you're ready to go. An effective Conclusion usually means that you get a well-developed comprehension of the subject. The strategy enables you to fit the entire process into the standard five-paragraph format. The sort of content that you provide depicts what type of thesis statement you must have. Usually, you'd be given a particular scenario in which an action occurred. Lastly, the conclusion is nearly non-existent. Cause and effect is a typical approach to organizing and discussing ideas. You then offer a graphic description of the particular scenarios or conditions. New Questions About Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Causes are introduced as argumentative topics which introduce the main topics of contemporary society in a succinct presentation where creativity is the secret. If you want more help on writing, consider learning plain writing. Once more, based on the content you must provide, the essay ought to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatly. There are several kinds of essays there in the world you can merely lose your head. When you get your assignments, while it is for college, university or higher school, make certain that you read the directions to recognize the requirements thoroughly. Writing about the reason and effect essay to pics related to the school's popularity or surviving the initial year in college might be fine to grab the interest of your peers. Students should focus on the way things relate to one another. A student can find with a distinctive option. A Startling Fact about Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Uncovered When something happens it produces an outcome. Being into the state of impression an individual is living before and, thus, attempting to deny the present. The response is due to the food addiction and their behavior. What Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples Is - and What it Is Not When you wish to create a fantastic cause and effect essay for college, obtaining an engaging topic you need to understand you could have fun too! Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to decide on a winning topic. To some degree, a thesis statement resembles an opinion. More often you will need to select your own cause and e ffect essay topic. A strong thesis statement may not be vagueit must contain the the heart of your topic. All you need to do is research and begin writing. Sometimes, it's tough to detect cause and effect when writing an essay. The cause and effect essay outline will serve you as a guide for the remainder of the paper. Topics for a cause and effect essay can be found on the internet, or you could brainstorm with a friend and see what you could work out but naturally, you may also find online suggestions on writing papers for college. Keep in mind that choosing cause and effect essay topics, and writing the paper, can be a rough task however, you can always rely on our organization and we'll complete it in the very best approach. Writing an essay is not really tricky. Just like any other paper, you can begin with an introduction that presents a brief background and the thesis statement. Not merely it will permit you learn more regarding the outline, but help you to distinguish between positive and negative papers. As soon as you create the outline, you can be certain regarding the successful completion of the whole essay. The Dirty Facts About Cause an Effect Essay Thesis Samples A cause and effect essay is the sort of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a specific action or event. Broadly speaking, there are 3 varieties of cause and effect essays. There are 3 types of cause and effect essays which can be written, but they're all very similar in written structure. In a brief essay, it may be hard to tackle the reason and all the many effects of a huge event like the Great Depression. Therefore, the causes and effects appear to be unknown to some. Every cause or effects that you have in your essay ought to be something essential. You may not wind up using all the causes and effects listed in your chart. It is very important to evaluate causes and effects of greenwashing as a type of deceptive marketing.

End Justifies the Means free essay sample

First, lets try to understand the sense in which the word justifies is used in the familiar statement that the end justifies the means. After that we can consider the problem you raise about whether it is all right to employ any means good or bad so long as the end is good. When we say that something is justified, we are simply saying that it is right. Thus, for example, when we say that a college is justified in expelling a student who falls below a passing mark, we are acknowledging that the college has a right to set certain standards of performance and to require its students to meet them. Hence, the college is right in expelling the student who doesnt. In most societies, killing a human being is seen as a bad thing to do. But what do you do when a country declares war against you? The end in this case is the end of the war. We will write a custom essay sample on End Justifies the Means or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you do nothing and stick to your moral grounds, you will be destroyed, but the war will be over. If you take up arms to defend yourself, you are violating your moral code for the sake of stopping the war.. An enterprise can succeed only if it has a goal. To achieve that goal an effective method should be adopted. The method can be harmless with no violence in it. Or it can be hard and cruel which calls for a lot of violence. In both cases the goal is the same. Only the method of achieving it is different. The proverb, a very disputable one, means that if the goal is good the methods adopted for achieving it do not matter. It can be good or bad. The Florentine statesman, Machiavelli, in his book THE PRINCE advocated this doctrine. According to him, it is justifiable to go to any extent for achieving a good cause. It may be necessary to use violence sometimes. It will be harmful to some people. But all that can be justified if the goal is good. Some great Indian leaders and thinkers like Gandhi have opposed this doctrine. According to them it is not only necessary that goal should be good but the means adopted for achieving it should also be good. In some countries governments  resort  to anything for suppressing riots. When peaceful requests and talk fail to bring about the desired result, they use sheer force to suppress such riots. They argue that it is for the common good of the ublic. Whatever be the truth, the doctrine ‘the end justifies the means’ happens to be a very controversial one which provokes much thinking and dispute. This phrase, originating from Niccolo Machiavellis book The Prince, is interpreted by some to mean doing anything whatsoever that is required to get the result you want, regardless of the methods used. It does not matter whether these methods are legal or illegal, fair or foul, kind or cruel, truth or lies, democratic or dictatorial, good or evil. Some agree that the statement is correct; however, others don’t see it that way. . When a man reaches worthy means with unworthy methods, how does that feel within a human soul? Because people have a Conscience, whenever they like it or not, people have to feel for others when they do something bad.. Another view, the benefits from something outweigh the process attained. For example if somebody cured cancer, but he/she had to kill one cancer patient to find the cure. They would say that the fact that they cured cancer made the loss of one life to save many worth it. The other way would mean something like the process makes the outcome worth it, which doesnt make much sense. On the other hand, if the end is worth the cost, then it is fine to eliminate the undesirables. However, the problems arise when judging if it is worth it, and if the undesirable might be of potential value later. For example, assassinating undesirables that are murderers is justified in that it saves future lives.

Ford Essay Example For Students

Ford Essay Concept car todayThey can start out as simple as a dream, or a sketch on a napkin during lunch. But by the time you see them, vehicles from Ford Motor Company have been designed and tested to look and perform their best. Here are some stories that chronicle that process. Concept Cars From the Model T to the latest futuristic designs, the engineers at Ford have a long history of design innovation. Here you can get a glimpse of some of the latest visions of the cars of the future. Technology Keeping up to date with current technology is essential to ensuring reliability and safety. See how Ford puts cutting edge developments to work on important issues like Y2K compliance. Driven by Research All great innovations begin with a strong commitment to research. Meet the people behind some of our better ideas and visit places like the Ford Research Laboratory, where exciting new strides are being made in the technology that drives your car. On the Road Today Fords commitment to the latest research and technology is evident in the cars you see on the road today. Find out more about the cars you want to drive. Best seller tomorrowInnovative solutions to keep you safe and secure. Of all the things we transport in our vehicles, the most important are our children. See what Ford is doing to help keep them safe. Learning to drive remains one of the biggest rites-of-passage for our youth. Read about some of the ways Ford is helping to train the next generation of drivers. When used correctly, theyre one of the best safety devices on your vehicle. This section will answer a lot of your questions and explain how air bags work. Buckling up and making sure kids are properly restrained in the rear seat are two important ways you can help keep everyone safe. Here are some other ways Ford is helping to do the same. Dedicated to providing ingenious environmental solutionsThe new millennium is filled with exciting opportunities and challenges. For automotive manufacturers and their customers, there is no greater challenge than following a path that respects both the bottom line and the environmentThese are just a few of the ideas that ford motor company tries to keep in mind when producing their cars. Because of this they have seen overall increased sales and increases in production. They have recently purchased Volvo Ford started its production in Detroit Michigan in 1907, when Henry Ford produced the first Model T. It was a huge success and since that day Ford has been the largest car manufacture in the worldBibliographyFrom Fords Website

The Masks of Robert Browning Essay Example

The Masks of Robert Browning Paper The Victorian era was a time known for Its family values. Robert Browning broke the mold of the Victorian writers by turning to dramatic monologue. Readers at the time could not appreciate his technique. Today some of his poems can be linked with authors such as Stephen King or Dean Kenton. Do his writings give us an insight into a hidden mad man? No. Robert Browning brought his characters to life and awakened the very real possibilities of the common man having a dark side. His use of persona and dramatic dialogue can be seen In Porphyrys Lover, and My Last Duchess. These works show his use of a mask and give insights Into the true Victorian era. Even though the entire era of the Victorians was a mask to give the impression that family values were their main concern, Robert Browning revealed the hidden chaos of his generation, the anger of the lower class against the upper class and the rise In news media coverage of tragedies.. The Victorian era of family values was a mask to hide the social conditions which Included orphanages, extreme poverty and call conflict. The mid-Victorian period was dominated by a double tankard which insisted on a rigid public respectability while condoning widespread sexual immorality by men. This hypocrisy led to extensive protests culminating in a series of highly publicized scandals in the asses and ass which marked the triumph of dogmatic puritanical morality (Fisher 14-19). Robert Browning focuses on the hypocrisy of men in My Last Duchess. Victorian men treated women as possessions which were disposabl e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Masks of Robert Browning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Masks of Robert Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Masks of Robert Browning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Men felt as if it were their duty to control women (45-46). In this work Browning displays how the men of wealth and power treated women. The poem was based on true events of Alfonse II, Duke of Ferreira in Italy, whose first wife, Lucrative, was rumored to have been poisoned after three years of marriage. Browning portrays the bad qualities of the Duchess as being easily pleased, modest and courteous to those who served her. This description was a perfect depiction of what was considered the female duty during the Victorian age. Robert Browning focuses on the chaos between the upper and lower classes In his poem Porphyrys Lover, an example of Borrowings Interest In criminal psychology and violence. The deader learns that the speaker is a man who alone in a cottage, he waits for his beloved Porphyry to enter. Evidently, her absence had been the result of her attendance at a gay feast, one of the vainer ties this suggests the upper class (lines 24-27). The speaker is in a substantially lower class than his lover. The idea of her sneaking away to be with her lover implies the unacceptable of the affair. In a Literary Correctly of the poem, Gayety Devil suggests, The plot revolves around a socially mismatched love affair; upper class girl falls in love with boy from the wrong side of the tracks. The boy has his revenge on society by murdering its representative: the girl. Another view of this poem is the religious connotation at the closing, and yet God has not said a word which necessitates the idea that the speaker has escaped punishment (60). Porphyrys Lover was printed with Johannes Gorilla In Meditation, under the heading Madhouse Cells suggesting that the two poems are related. Eleven drowning tendency to use analytical Taluses In Nils poetry to relate to current events, Johannes Gorilla , was the founder of the Reformation sects of antinomian, a belief labeled heretical by the orthodox because it taught hat those among the elect (that is, those predestined for salvation, according to so me forms of Calvinist and Wesleyan) could not sin regardless of the apparent evil of their acts (Dickinson). The belief in predestination was strong during the Victorian era. Browning thought a man who believed in predestination and a man who killed the woman he loved were both insane (Carson 397-398). Using masks or different persona Browning could speak out with greater originality and boldness than would ever have been possible in his own person. His writings were ahead of their time in action and thought. He delved into the history and assumed characters to represent current events. Through these characters he revealed the dark and evil acts of mankind. Readers often relate the mental states of the speaker in his poetry to his own state of mind; nothing could be further from the truth. The reader must look into the time in which these poems were written to get a complete analysis of them. The nineteenth century brought the printing of newspapers which were filled with stories of violence from the wars and in society. Just as the media of today seems to only portray the dark side of mankind, Browning centered his writings to he demands of the public. Human beings seem to be fascinated with the twisted minds of seemingly normal people. Browning reaches that part inside people that is drawn to look at a car wreck, silently hoping to see blood. This need for the grotesque dwells inside of man; Browning had the audacity to reveal that hunger to the world. Robert Browning avoided sharing himself inside his writings to escape criticism. He developed the technique of the dramatic monologue which reveals hidden characteristics of the speaker. His experience in writing plays may have influenced this technique. He had the ability to get inside the mind of a schizophrenic killer and hypocritical monks. During this era the reader must remember the developments of scientific research and the psychological studies by Freud. This was a time of intense developments and deep thought. Society demanded more knowledge. Robert Browning could be considered a genius of the human mind because of his uncanny understanding of the workings of the mentally challenged. Browsing writings can be seen as a type of transference of persona instead of a mask. He is not hiding behind his characters, he is inside them.